查询词典 utilitarians

Retributivists, who seem to hold that there are circumstances in which the infliction of suffering is good thing in itself , are charged by their opponents with vindictive barbarousness. Utilitarians, who seem to hold that punishment is always and only justified by the good Consequences it produces, are accused of vicious opportunism .

报应论者认为，在特定情形下，施加令人痛苦的惩罚在本质上是善的，而功利论者则指责其为野蛮的报复；功利论者认为，惩罚的正当性根据永远是也只能是，其所产生的福利效益，对此，报应论者则斥之为邪恶的机会主义分子。

Some utilitarians, Jeremy Bentham for example, have argued that pleasure and pain are the only things that are of universal intrinsic value; that is, that pleasure and pain are the only things that are valued for themselves, and other things are of value only because they produce pleasure or pain.

对一些功利主义者，例如边沁，认为快乐与痛苦是唯一具有普遍内在价值的；也就是说，快乐和痛苦是对他们自己唯一有价值的东西，其他的东西的价值不过是因为他们生产快乐或痛苦。

Some, I know, find the political and moral insight of the Utilitarians a very simple one, but we should not mistake this simplicity for superficiality nor forget how favourably their simplicities compare with the profundities of other thinkers.

我知道有人认为功利主义者在政治和道德问题上的见识并不难懂。实际上，他们的观点不是浅陋而是浅显易懂。而且，比起某些思想家的深邃难懂，功利主义者的直白实是一大优点。

And are utilitarians and libertarians able to account for this duty?

功利主义和自由主义能够说明这个义务吗？

Utilitarians who adopt this theory of value can then claim that an agent morally ought to do an act if and only if that act maximizes desire satisfaction or preference fulfillment, regardless of whether the act causes sensations of pleasure.

功利主义谁采取这种价值理论可以声称代理人道德应该做的行为当且仅当该行为满意度最大化的愿望或优惠的实现，不论行为造成的愉悦感觉。

The former are illustrated by the debate in ethics between the utilitarians, the ethical egoists, and deontologists like Kant, the latter by the debate in value theory about the good—whether it is pleasure, excellent activity, virtue, self-realization, etc.

前者在功利主义、道德的利己主义与象康德的道义论之间的道德规范辩论中被举例说明，后者在价值理论关于好——是否它是愉快、优秀活动、美德、自我实现等等的探讨中被讨论。

In rendering Epicurus's atomic theory from the abstract Greek prose into Latin hexameters, Lucretius made Epicurus's ideas about the role of pleasure in the realm of ethics especially poignant; these ideas would later influence the utilitarians , especially Bentham and Mill.

把伊壁鸠鲁原子论从抽象的希腊语翻译成拉丁文六步格，卢克莱修让伊壁鸠鲁的&快乐&变成动人的道德，这个作品影响后世的许多实用主义者，至边沁和弥尔而达到大成。

Utilitarians may focus on small groups because they have stricter measurement requirements.

utilitarians有可能集中在小群体，因为他们有严格的计量要求。

The utilitarians, on the other hand, can tell us about right and wrong if they can measure happiness and tell who is affected by any particular activity.

该utilitarians ，另一方面，可以告诉我们关于正确和错误的，如果他们可以衡量幸福和谁是受任何特别的活动。

Taking that into account, the utilitarians would propose a head count.

考虑到这一点， utilitarians会提出一项算。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。