查询词典 utilitarianism

An unstable mix of values:--romanticism, utilitarianism, dominionism, and liberty--has made preservation and protection of America's natural landscape a policy rife with internal contradictions, reversals, and too-little too-late reactions.

一种不稳定的价值混淆－罗曼蒂克主义、功利主义、统治主义及放任主义－使得美国自然景观的保留及保护变成一个盛行着内部矛盾、逆转和太少太晚反应的政策。

If this theory of value is combined with other elements of classic utilitarianism, the resulting theory can be called perfectionist consequentialism or, in deference to its Aristotelian roots, eudaemonistic consequentialism .

如果这种价值理论与经典功利主义的其他元素相结合，所产生的理论可以被称为完美结果论，或者是考虑到亚里士多德的根源，eudaemonistic结果主义。

Utilitarianism is about eudaimonia,but not hedonism .

功利主义是一种幸福主义，而不是快乐主义。

The dilemma of the traditional ethical rationalism characterized by Platonism, Kantism and utilitarianism increasingly confronts contemporary western ethics with the problem of moral rationality, which has become the focus of modern moralists'attention.

这个问题已经成为伦理学家们关注的一个中心问题。

Makonde carving c.1974:Emphasis on performance art: An extension of the utilitarianism and three-dimensionality of traditional African art is the fact that much of it is crafted for use in performance contexts, rather than in static ones.

Makonde雕刻c.1974：对表演艺术的重点：对功利主义和四分之三的非洲传统艺术维度扩展的是，其中大部分是制作的情况下使用的性能，而不是静态的。

If utilitarianism is wron9, a proponent of economic analysis has a choice : He or she can either abandon the normative use of the Pareto criteria in favor of a nonutility — based efficiency criterion or try to construct nonuti1itarian normative arguments for the Pareto criteria ...

如果功利主义是错误的，那么经济学分析的支持者就有了一个选择：即或是为了非效用基础效率标准，他或她可以抛弃帕累托标准的规范用途，或是为了帕累托规范构建非功利主义规范的观点。

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

Modern western moral education, in which respect is paid to the educated who are instructed in a natural way and emphasis is laid on secularity and pragmaticality, has been greatly influenced by empiricism, positivism, utilitarianism and naturalism.

近现代西方德育方法受到经验主义、实证主义、功利主义、自然主义等哲学流派的影响，在哲学观上实现了对传统德育方法的继承、批判与转变，充分体现了对受教育者的尊重、提倡自然的教育、注重世俗化、务实性等特点。

Aesthetic is a meta-utility or non-utility relation between people and reality, the aim of which is making people gain affectional enjoyment and spiritous delight. Enlightenment means doing away with ignorance and liberating human nature, setting people free from utilitarianism.

审美是一种与现实的超功利或非功利关系，目的是使人获得情感享受和精神愉悦；启蒙就是破除蒙昧，解放人性，把人从功利关系的束缚中解放出来。

Detailedly speaking, existing problems mainly include the lack of system and comprehensiveness in marketing techniques of membership, the superficialness of marketing techniques of membership, the inadequacy of implementation of enterprise culture as well as the utilitarianism of sales, and the inadequacy of construction of database.

具体来讲，存在的问题主要有会员制营销。。。更多缺乏系统性和整体性、会员制营销还停留在较浅层次、企业文化贯彻不够且销售行为存在较强功利性、以及数据库建设与运用不够充分这四点。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。