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The result would be used in tobacco breeding.4 SRAP technology is used to study the genetic differences among different types of tobacco, including flue-cured tobacco, oriental tobacco, maryland tobacco, burley tobacco, and air/sun cured tobacco, five pairs of primer combinations which can amplify characteristic bands has been screened. Among the five combinations, two of them (SF25*SR2 and SF3*SR26) can distinguish air-cured tobacco including maryland tobacco and Burley tobacco from the other cultivated forms; SF20*SR14 can distinguish sun cured tobacco including oriental tobacco and sun-cured tobacco; SF16*SR14 can distinguish flue-cured tobacco and air-cured tobacco, and SF22*SR14 can distinguish DBJ599 with specisl aroma and the other flue-cured tobacco.5 8 varieties , which represent the different types of tobacco, are divided into 3 groups. I: G-28, II:DBJ599、MD40、By21, III: Basma、Sumsun、XNS、QCT. The cluster analysis result es consistant with experience evatuation.6 Anorthogonal design was used to optimize a ILP-PCR system with 5 factors (DNA, Mg2+, dNTP, primer and Taq polymerase) at 4 levels.The result showed the optimized ILP-PCR system for Nicotiana tabacum L. was: 2uL10×PCRbuffer, 20ng template DNA, Mg2+ 2.0mmol/L, dNTP 150umol/L, primer 0.3umol/L, Taq DNA polymerase 1 U in a total of 20uL reactionsolution.

研究结果可作为烤烟与香料烟类型间的杂种鉴定利用的实验与理论依据。4、利用SRAP标记技术，研究和分析了烤烟、晒烟、晾烟、白肋烟、香料烟等不同栽培类型间的基因型差异，初步筛选出了能够在分子水平上反映不同烟草类型差异的特征性标记带：晾烟MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90基因型共有的特征带有两对引物组合，分别为SF25*SR2和SF3*SR26；晒烟小牛舌、青梗、小花青和香料烟Sumsun、komotini Basma、Xanthi Basma共有的特征带引物组合为SF20*SR14；NC89、K326、G-28、大白筋和MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90共有的特征带引物组合为SF16*SR14，烤烟中大白筋599的特征带引物组合SF22*SR14.5、利用61对SRAP引物组合，研究了普通烟草不同类型间的亲缘关系，将普通烟草类型间8个不同供试材料划分为3类别。I：烤烟类型G-28II：白肋烟类型(MD40、By21、大白筋599III：香料烟类型(Basma、Sumsun、小牛舌、千层塔)。

A new method for position control of motor was discussed, in which PLC is used as controller, RS485 is used for motor driver port and high speed counter is used for feedback.

在工业控制系统中，特别是目前在棉纺厂的抓棉机上，往往应用可靠性很高的 PLC进行位置控制，这种系统的控制方案大多数都是 PLC加轴定位模块，成本较高。

Cut off cut-off valve is mainly used for fluid pathway, including the cut-off valves, gate valves, plug valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, diaphragm valves, control API Cast Steel Valves valves and other folders; The main control valve for regulating fluid pressure, flow, etc., including control valve, throttle, valve and float valve, etc.; Check valve used to prevent reverse flow of fluid; Shunt valve fluid channel for distribution of destination, or two-phase separated, including slide valves, multi-valve, trap, and emptying valves and so on; Safety valve is mainly used for security, to prevent the boiler, pressure vessel or pipeline overpressure due to the damage; Multi-valve is a valve with more than one function, such as the cut-off valve can both start and end back from the role of the role of drying.

截断阀主要用于截断流体通路，包括眼镜阀截止阀、闸阀、旋塞阀、球阀、蝶阀、隔膜阀、夹管阀等；调节阀主要用于调节流体的压力、流量等，包括调节阀、节流阀、减压阀和浮球调节阀等；止回阀用于阻止流体的逆向流动；分流阀用于分配流体的通路去向，或将氧气专用阀、铜阀门两相流体分离，包括滑阀、多通阀、疏水阀和排空气阀等；安全阀主要用于安全保护，防止锅炉、压力容器或管道因超压而破坏；多用阀是具有一种以上功能的阀门，如截止止回阀既能起断流作用又能起止回作用。

I used the homemade ECDL to measure the 2S-3D two photon transition spectrum of Helium , the advantages are that the expense of homemade ECDL is cheap and have good output power. At the same time, I used the electronic part can be got in the market to manufacture a pulse generator in the experiment, the pulse generator can control the output frequency, the pulse width, the relative phase and also can simultaneously control four sets of systems or instruments need the TTL pulse control. The advantage is that the cost of the pulse generator is cheap and the pulse generator is stable. To isolate the magnetic field I used the magnetic foil to helium cell. I also built a gas discharge system, the switch sequence of this system can be controlled by the pulse generator. Finally I built a detecting system can measure the helium energy state. It is cheap and can be combined with the comb laser system in my laboratory.

本实验是利用一台自制的外腔雷射系统来量测2S-3D的氦原子双光子跃迁，其优点在於自制的外腔雷射之费用非常便宜，也有不错的输出功率，同时在实验中我利用市售的电子零件制作了一台脉冲产生器，可控制输出的频率、脉冲宽度以及相对的相位，且可同时控制四套需要TTL脉冲控制的系统或仪器，优点除了便宜之外，也非常稳定；为了隔绝磁场，利用了磁场隔绝金属箔，我也在实验室中建立了一组气体放电系统，其系统可以用脉冲产生器来控制开关时序，最后，我建造了一个氦原子能阶的量测系统，而且费用低廉，可与本实验室的另外一门研究光梳雷射系统做结合。

I used the homemade ECDL to measure the 2S-3D two photon transition spectrum of Helium , the advantages are that the expense of homemade ECDL is cheap and have good output power. At the same time, I used the electronic part can be got in the market to manufacture a pulse generator in the experiment, the pulse generator can control the output frequency, the pulse width, the relative phase and also can simultaneously control four sets of systems or instruments need the TTL pulse control. The advantage is that the cost of the pulse generator is cheap and the pulse generator is stable. To isolate the magnetic field I used the magnetic foil to helium cell. I also built a gas discharge system, the switch sequence of this system can be controlled by the pulse generator. Finally I built a detecting system can measure the helium energy state.

本实验是利用一台自制的外腔雷射系统来量测2S-3D的氦原子双光子跃迁，其优点在於自制的外腔雷射之费用非常便宜，也有不错的输出功率，同时在实验中我利用市售的电子零件制作了一台脉冲产生器，可控制输出的频率、脉冲宽度以及相对的相位，且可同时控制四套需要TTL脉冲控制的系统或仪器，优点除了便宜之外，也非常稳定；为了隔绝磁场，利用了磁场隔绝金属箔，我也在实验室中建立了一组气体放电系统，其系统可以用脉冲产生器来控制开关时序，最后，我建造了一个氦原子能阶的量测系统，而且费用低廉，可与本实验室的另外一门研究光梳雷射系统做结合。

Results the average age of the surveyed women was20.0years;43.8%was no married;66.4%were illiterate or semi-illiterate;48.4%had no regular job.78.0%had illegal com-mercial sexual activities and15.2%used drugs;the knowledge rates about aids transmitted by sexual activities,shared syringes and mother-to-baby way were56.3%,61.7%and84.6%respectively.the rate of condom use was low,and only21.9%used condoms consistently and39.8%never used.

结果 调查对象的平均年龄为20.0岁，未婚占43.8%，66.4%为文盲/半文盲，48.4%无职业，78.0%有卖淫行为，15.5%吸毒。对性交、共用注射器、母婴传播三种艾滋病传播途径的知晓率分别为56.3%、61.7%和84.6%，但对不传播艾滋病行为的知晓率均低于50%。安全套使用率低，21.9%的人每次都使用安全套，39.8%的人从未使用过安全套。

The translated SWLS should be used on three dimensions for Chinese adults while SLCS-R (The Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale Revised Version) should be used on one dimension.;the self-esteem could not be used as a significant influential factor on life satisfaction in the Chinese culture.

结果表明( 1)参照Heckhauen和Shultz的理论模型编制的控制策略量表具有良好的信度和构念效度，适合对我国成年人进行测评；(2)中文版生活满意度量表( Satisfaction WithLife Scale， SWLS和自尊量表(The Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale RevisedVersion，SLCS-R)的信、效度指标显示，两者分别应该在三个维度正性自尊、自我不喜欢、自我服胜似春口一个维度上对我国成年人进行测量。

The translated SWLS should be used on three dimensions for Chinese adults while SLCS-R (The Self-Liking/Self-Competence Scale Revised Version) should be used on one dimension.; the self-esteem could not be used as a significant influential factor on life satisfaction in the Chinese culture.

结果表明：(1)参照Heckhauen和Shultz的理论模型编制的控制策略量表(Control Strategy Scale，CSS)具有良好的信度和构念效度，适合对我国成年人进行测评；(2)中文版生活满意度量表(Satisfaction With Life Scale，SWLS)和自尊量表(The Self-Liking／Self-Competence Scale Revised Version，SLCS-R)的信、效度指标显示，两者分别应该在三个维度正性自尊、自我不喜欢、自我

Other major figures: Robert Koch (first person to isolate bacteria in pure culture; discovered the agents of cholera and the cause of tuberculosis, and used his own criteria to distinguish a bacterial culprit causing a disease from an innocent microbe); and Joseph Lister (who used carbolic acid spray to kill bacteria, insisted that antiseptics be used on hands, instruments, and dressings and made it safe to do major surgery).

其他的重要人物：Robert Koch（纯培养分离出细菌的第一人，发现霍乱试剂和结核病的原因，使用他自己的标准来区别致病菌的非致病{良性}菌）；还有Joseph Lister（使用石炭酸喷雾剂杀菌，坚持用消毒剂消毒手，器械和敷料，使其在大外科手术中更为安全）。

Polymer-based thin film transistors with poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) as semiconducting active layers were successfully fabricated on silicon substrates in air which was used as gate electrode, HfTiO film deposited by RF sputtering method was used as gate insulators, and gold metal was used as source and drain electrodes. The HfTiO surface was modified by using octadecyltrichlorosilane solution during fabrication process.

以高掺杂Si单晶片作为衬底且充当栅电极，采用磁控溅射法在硅片上沉积HfTiO薄膜作为栅介质层，聚三己基噻吩(P3HT)薄膜作为半导体活性层，金属Au作为源、漏电极，并采用十八烷基三氯硅烷对栅介质层表面修饰，在空气环境下成功地制备出聚合物薄膜晶体管。

You can do some assertiveness training.

你可以进行一些自信训练。

We were well on the path to making a rear-wheel-drive global platform," says Mays."

我们正致力于建立一个后轮驱动的平台，"Mays这样说道。"