查询词典 used to denote a transition or concession

A series of fluorene and 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline alternate and random copolymers(P1 or P2) have been designed and synthsized, and their interaction with transition metal ions were investigated.The some accomplishments were achieved as follows:(1) It is found that the absorption red shift and fluorescence quench strongly in the presence of transition metal ions.

设计合成了一系列芴与联吡啶、菲洛啉的交替和无规共轭聚合物（P1、P2），通过研究它们与不同过渡金属离子相互作用，获得如下主要成果：（1）由于过渡金属离子的作用，吸收光谱发生不同程度的红移，以及强烈的荧光猝灭现象。

The effect of zeolites ion-exchanged by transition metals on thermal catalytic cracking reaction is studied. The product distributions of the cracking reactions catalyzed by theβor ZSM-5 zeolites exchanged with transition metals are different from that catalyzed by corresponding Hzeolites, which means the mechanism of cracking reactions has varied. Group Ⅷ metals Fe, Co, Ni and Cu, Zn are shown to be of strong catalytic activity of oxidative dehydrogenation, while Ti and Cr are not of oxidative activity. Catalyzed by zeolites or catalyst containing Ag, conversion of thermal catalytic cracking reactions and the yield of ethylene increase while the yield of propylene does not decrease. Silver can not only promote the formation of carbonium ion, but also convert carbonium ion into free-radical via redox reaction. The weak adsorption of olefins on silver reduces the occurrence of hydrogen transfer and dehydrogenation. As a result, the yield of light olefins is favored by silver in the catalyst.

采用过渡金属交换的分子筛作为催化剂，进行催化热裂解制取乙烯的反应，研究发现，在β沸石分子筛和ZSM-5分子筛中引入过渡金属后，催化热裂解反应的产物分布与相应的氢型分子筛相比有了较大的变化，说明过渡金属的加入对于催化热裂解反应的机理具有影响，Ⅷ族金属如Fe、Co、Ni和第Ⅰ、Ⅱ副族Cu、Zn表现出较强的氧化脱氢活性，产物中氢气、焦炭的产率很高，Ti、Cr则未表现出氧化作用：分子筛及催化剂中引入银后，催化热裂解反应的转化率和乙烯的产率有了提高，丙烯产率没有很大的变化，说明银在催化热裂解反应中能够促进正碳离子的生成，又有可能通过氧化-还原作用部分改变反应机理，促进了自由基的生成，并且由于银对烯烃的吸附很弱，其氢转移反应和脱氢、加氢活性比较低，有利于烯烃产率的提高。

Under a fixed model of chromospheric flare, we investigate the influences of Hα and CaIIK line profilles on various velocity distributions from semiempirical view. The results show that: Hα line is very sensitive to the velocity in upper chromosphere; the profile of CaIIK line have responses to velocity in any layer of chromosphere, but the degree of CaIIK line asymmetry is much weaker than that of Hα and can be ignored if velocity is as small as 10km/s; chromospheric condensation in lower part of transition region have strong influence on Hα line but contrary to CaIIK line, the typical characteristic of H line effected by chromospheric condensation in transition region is reversed blue asymmetry, i.e. the intensity of blue peak is stronger than that of red peak; the stronger the chromosphoric condensation is, the more obvious the Hα line asymmetry appears; and so on.

在确定的大气模型下，从半经验角度系统地研究了大气各个层次的速度场和运动结构对Hα和CaⅡK谱线轮廓的影响，得到；Hα线对色球上部速度场敏感，而对色球下部和温度极小区附近速度场不敏感；CaⅡK对整个色球速度场均有反应，但不对称性较Hα弱，且速度小于10km/s时不对称性很不明显；CaⅡK受过渡区色球凝聚的影响较弱，而Hα对色球凝聚十分敏感；色球凝聚影响Hα轮廓的典型特征是呈反转结构的兰不对称性，即兰峰强于红峰；色球凝聚越强，Hα不对称性也越显著：等。

The main characteristics include: the quiet Sun corona has a rapid response to the flare heating, within 2 second the corona temperature increases nearly one order of magnitude, but later such increase becomes very slowly; the downward velocity at early stage of impulsive phase is too small to be negnected; chromospheric evaporation made by conduction shows some intensely, the maximum evaporated velocity may be as large as 1000 km/s; the chromospheric condensation appears just when the chromospheric evaporation takes place and its place always coincide with that of transition region in the early stage; the maximum of chromospheric condensation occurs also in the early stage of impulsive phase, at which the density in condensation may be larger two order of magnitude than that of surround and the downward velocity may be as large as 100 km/s; after the maximum of chromospheric condensation, its strongth decreases gradually but its width becomes greater with time and have a tendency to transport into deep chromosphere; the front of chromospheric condensation heats atmosphere obviously and the temperature in the chromospheric condensation is higher than the original case; the downware velocity of transition region may be greater than 100 km/s at the early stage; when the evaporated material collide at the top of loop, the densityand the presure there increase rapidly, which result in the formation of a shock wave; and so on.

在改善色球辐射损失和精确分辨过渡区的基础上，通过联立求解连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程，构造了一维磁限制性耀斑环在热沉积作用下的大气动力学模型，获得了耀斑热模型下脉冲相早期较为细致的大气演化理论图象，其主要特征是：耀斑对宁静日冕的加热相当迅速，仅2秒钟日冕温度增加即达一个量级，之后日冕温度增加缓慢；脉冲相早期日冕向下速度很小，几乎可以忽略，热传导驱动色球蒸发，其过程较为激烈，蒸发极大速度可达到1000km/s；色球压缩区与色球蒸发几乎同时形成，且在早期其位置总是与过渡区位置重合；色球压缩极大发生在脉冲相早期，其时密度可高于周围约2个量级，向下速度可超过100km/s；色球压缩极大后，其强度逐渐减弱，但宽度明显增大，且渐渐脱离过渡区往色球传播；压缩区内物质温度要高于原先的大气温度；过渡区下降在脉冲相早期相当迅速，可超过100km/s；当蒸发物质在环顶高速相碰时，环顶的密度、压力迅速增大，且温度也有所增加，导致形成激波，其波面以每秒上百公里的速度自环顶向下传播；在脉冲相前期，日冕软x辐射对色球的加热作用可以忽略；等。

This project is going to investigate the crystallization of polymers in scCO2 and to study the polymorphism and solid-phase transition of crystallizable polymers with different molecular structure and different tacticity in scCO2 for accumulating the fact of crystallization of polymers in the titled surrounding, revealing the rule of solid-phase transition of polymers in scCO2 and exploring the mechanism responsible for these phenomena.

本项目研究聚合物在scCO2中的结晶行为，研究不同分子结构、不同等规程度聚合物的同质多晶现象与固相转变，积累现象、寻找规律、探求机理。

On grounds of thermodynamical analysis,a concept of transition temperature of oxi- dation has been introduced,and methods of calculating the transition temperature with either the two-steps- or the one-step-method are presented.

利用热力学分析提出氧化的转化温度的概念，并指出二步及一步计算该温度的方法。

In order to improve the teeth bending strength,the research detailedly introduced several typical dedendum transition curve in machine process and compared to several transition curve through example based on founded tool top circular radius equation.

本文详细介绍了机械加工中常见的几种齿根过渡曲线，为了提高齿根弯曲强度根据建立的各种刀具刀顶圆角半径方程通过实例进行了几种过渡曲线的比较。

Third,analyzing"delegative democracy"under the general background of political transition in order to find a special way between democracy and none democracy for Russian transition to provide research perspective of political trasition for reference theorically and practically.

在政治转型的大背景下试图在民主与非民主之间探索一条俄罗斯政治转型的独特道路，为政治转型的研究视角提供理论与实践上的经验借鉴。

The thesis investigates the model of Russian political transition from a perspective of delegative democracy through analyzing the formation of delegative democracy,its reason and development,the author explores political transition theory and the develop of its research perspective.

本文试以&委任民主&作为研究俄罗斯政治转型的切入点，通过对俄罗斯政治转型模式的结果、原因及发展的分析，探讨政治转型理论及其研究视角的发展与变革。

Delegative democracy;;political transition;; transition model

论文导师胡伟，论文学位硕士，论文专业政治学理论

Methods Clinical data of 3 cases of bile duct injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were analyzed retrospectively.

回顾总结3例LC术中胆管损伤的临床资料，分析3例胆管损伤的原因及对策。

These techniques are applied to the gobang.

本文将这些技术用于五子棋中。