查询词典 upwind

Conventional experimentation has found that the horizontal axis upwind or down wind design to be the best concept.

传统的实验发现，横轴迎风或向下风设计是最好的概念。

To price the continuously sampled arithmetic average Asian option, an implicit upwind difference scheme is constructed based on the final boundary value problem of partial differential equation, which is satifiable to the option pricing problem. Then the unique existence and unconditional stability of the difference solution are demonstrated and the error estimate is given under the discrete L2 norm.

研究连续取样的算术平均亚式期权定价问题的差分方法，根据问题所满足的偏微分方程终边值问题，构造出一种隐式的迎风差分格式，论证了差分解的惟一存在性和绝对稳定性，并给出差分解在离散L2范数下的误差估计。

A new method to extend quadratic upwind interpolation of convective kinematics scheme for the unstructured grid was developed based on the finite volume method.

在有限容积法的基础上发展了非结构化网格的对流项二次迎风插值格式。

A TVD Rungo-Kutta method with varying time steps is proposed to reinitialize the signed distance function, which guarantees the upwind design of each Euler step.

提出一种变步长的TVD Runge-Kutta方法来重新初始化符号距离函数，保证了Runge-Kutta方法中每一欧拉步都满足迎风设计要求。

A TVD Runge-Kutta method with varying time steps is proposed to reinitialize the signed distance function, which guarantees the upwind design of each Euler step.

提出一种变步长的TVD Runge-Kutta方法来重新初始化符号距离函数，保证了Runge-Kutta方法中每一欧拉步都满足迎风设计要求。

In this thesis, I summarize the theoretical calculation method, applied scope and notice of siphonic drainage system, and point out the advantage of siphonic drainage system compared with gravitation drainage system. In the archetype experiment study of siphonic drainage tube, I adopt different tube diameter and different structural height to survey the drainage volume and press in different place. I observe various kinds of flow state, and get chief factors which influence hydraulic peculiarity of system as the tube diameter or structural height, and find out the relevance of factor to flux. I apply CFD Fluent software and adopt standard k-ε model and RNG k-ε model, then use finite volume method and second-order upwind scheme to discrete numerical model, while coupling numeration of velocity field and press is based on SIMPLE. In the numerical simulation of curved part of tube, siphonic drainage tube experiment system and multi-outlet siphonic drainage system, I make research on internal velocity and press of system in different project condition by changing the tube diameter of curved part, negative press value in tube export and improving the quantity of water gutter. This thesis first adopts a method of combining archetype experiment and numerical simulation to study the siphonic drainage system, test and verify the validity of experiment and numerical simulation, and makefurther study on system, it solves the problems of limited testing conditions, and has a logical results, it can provide a valid method for optimizing and designing the drainage tube-net system. The conclusion have referring value for study and design of siphonic drainage system.

本文首先对虹吸式排水系统理论计算方法、适用范围以及注意事项做出总结，并分析了虹吸式排水系统的优势；再对虹吸式排水管道进行原型试验研究，采用不同管径不同立管高度，对系统流量、管道压强进行量测，观察了各种工况下的流态，对其水力特性进行研究分析，找出影响水力特性的落差、管径主要因素以及与排水量的关系；进一步应用计算流体力学Fluent软件，采用标准κ-ε模型与RNGκ-ε模型，计算过程应用有限体积法和二阶迎风格式对数值模型进行离散，速度和压力的耦合采用SIMPLE算法，分别对系统弯管段、虹吸排水管道试验系统、多斗虹吸式排水系统进行数值模拟分析，通过改变管段弯头处半径、管段出口负压值、增加雨水斗数对不同工况下系统内部的速度和压力进行研究；本文首次采用结合原型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，对虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统进行研究，试验与模拟相互验证，并进行拓展，很好地解决了虹吸式屋面雨水排水系统由于试验条件限制问题，结果正确合理，为排水管网系统设计和优化研究提供了有效的方法，对工程设计有较好的参考价值。

Finite element method is used in fine mesh subinterval, while upwind difference method is used in coarse mesh subinterval.

在细网格区域采用有限元法，在粗网格区域采用迎风差分格式。

"Hawaii's Mauna Ulu spouts a fountain of molten rock. A geologist, approaching cautiously from the upwind side, records the volcano's tantrum."

意译：夏威夷的Mauna Ulu 喷发熔岩浆，一位地质学者慎重的自逆风侧接近，他记录了火山是如何发脾气的。

All right, stay upwind of me.

好吧，站到我的逆风边

If we're upwind of the wolves they may smell us.

如果我们处于狼的上风位置，它们就能闻到我们的气味。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。