查询词典 upstream

First, the S-CDMA-HFC system with integrated traffic is introduced and the method of traffic integration is given. Second, the upstream channel capacity of the S-CDMA-HFC system with integrated traffic that has the same rate is analyzed. The chronoff limit and Gaussian approximate equation of the upstream channel cutoff probability are derived. Third, the impact of the selection of the line transmission rate on the upstream channel capacity of the S-CDMA-HFC system with integrated traffic is discussed in detail. The cutoff probability and throughout equations of the upstream channel with different integrated traffic are derived. Fourth, the impact of the power control error on the capacity is discussed. Results show that the power control error will degrade the upstream channel capacity and have different influence on the different traffic. Finally, the capacity requirement of the initialization process is raised. Analytical results show that the initialization process will impact on the capacity slightly.

首先，简单介绍了综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统，给出了业务综合的方法；然后，分析了具有相同码率的综合业务条件下的S-CDMA-HFC系统上行信道容量，导出上行信道中断概率的切尔诺夫上限和高斯近似公式；然后，详细讨论了基本传输速率的选择对综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统上行信道容量的影响，导出了不同业务综合条件下上行信道的中断概率和吞吐量公式；然后，讨论了功率控制误差对综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统上行信道容量的影响，结果表明功率控制误差会使上行信道容量下降，且对不同业务的影响程度是不同的；最后给出了初始接入的容量要求，分析结果表明初始接入将对综合业务S-CDMA-HFC系统上行容量带来影响，但不明显。

To promote the coordinated development of upstream, mid-stream, and downstream of the natural gas industrial chain and map Out national policies on natural gas industry; a. to encourage the users in urban gas. gas-fueled vehicles, and industrial gases; c. to build up a full range of natural gas supply security system; b. to allow the local governments to develop regional economy by supporting natural gas industry; f. to complete the price formation mechanism of natural gas by adjusting the prices at each link from upstream to downstream; e.

提出了6条具有可操作性与政策前瞻性的保持协调发展的策略：①促进天然气产业上中下游协调发展，制钉国家层面的天然气工业发展规划，培育以城市燃气、天然气汽车、工业用气为主导的天然气市场体系；②构建全方位的天然气供应安全保障体系；③地方政府大力支持天然气行业，促进区城经济发展；④抓住当前调价的良好时机，尽快建立天然气产业链各环节合理化的价格机制。

Two SP1-like elements and half of binding motifs of RAR are found in the 119 bp region from -nt. 325 to -nt. 207 upstream of the first ATG. An AP1/cAMP like reaction element is found in the 113 bp region from -nt. 206 to -nt. 94 upstream of the first ATG of the CK13 gene 5' flanking region. We didn't know the reaction element CTGAATCA between -nt.

仔细分析CK13基因5'旁侧-nt.325~-nt.207之间119bp片段中，发现有两个类似的SP1反应元件及一个与半个维甲酸受体结合的模块，而CK13基因5'旁侧-nt.206~-nt.94之间113bp片段中-nt.199~-nt.192间的碱基CTGAATCA类似AP1/cAMP的反应元件。

If two men cross, the taller and stronger member will use his ice ax as a third point of contact and will be the upstream man, facing upstream and breaking the force of the flow for his partner who also faces upstream and hangs onto the hips or belt of the upstream man.

如果是两人渡溪，较高与较强的人用冰斧作第三个支点站在上游方向，面向上游将水流的力量打散，在下游方向者也要面向上游，手则抓在上游者的腰部或腰带上。

According to arrival rate in the upstream intersection and number of cars at the beginning of period on the road, the paper investigates the evolution of the number of cars on the road and the number of passed cars of the downstream intersection. By switching the red time of upstream signal, we can control the number of passing vehicles of downstream intersection.

根据上游路口的驶入率和周期初路段上的车辆数，对该路段上的车辆运行情况进行了研究，得到了一个周期内该路段的车辆数变化以及下游路口车辆驶出累积数，并通过协调上游路口信号灯变换时间来控制下游路口车辆周期内的驶出数量。

According to virtual router advertise, virtual address of master device is used to upstream access device, which enables downstream traffics to have the same flow direction with that of upstream traffics via routing.

虚拟路由通告的方法则把主设备中的虚拟地址通告给上行接入设备，从而下行流量可以通过上行设备的选路，使上下行数据流向保持了一致。

The ISO Upstream NaturalGas Technical Committee（ISO/TC193/SC3）is mainly engaged in standardization work in the upstream area of natural gas from wellhead to longdistance pipeline including allocation and measurement, wet gas measurement, and hydrate control and management.

国际标准化组织天然气技术委员会天然气上游领域分委会（ISO/TC193/SC3）主要从事天然气上游领域（从井口到进入长输管线前）的有关分配、测量、湿气、天然气水合物控制管理的标准化工作。

To investigate the influence of an upstream ramp on film cooling heat transfer coefficient, a numerical simulation method on the distributions of the flow fields and heat transfer coefficient was adopted with different heights of upstream ramp s in several ratios.

为了获得气膜孔上游放置斜坡对气膜孔换热特性的影响规律，采用数值模拟方法研究了斜坡的台阶高度分别为0.3D，0.5D和0.75D时在不同吹风比下的流动过程和换热特性分布情况，并与常规气膜孔冷却结构形式进行了对比。

In this paper, the 3-D finite element relocating mesh method is used to calculate the temperature field and the thermal creep stress field of spillway dam and mid level outlet dam in certain roller compacted concrete gravity dam, sensitivity analysis have been down with different parameters, such as placing temperature, the location of cooling pipe, cooling temperature, time for water supply, ascended-layer of concrete, intermissive time and different placing time, and the commendatory construction scheme have been put forward in such analysis; according by the test result on the two scheme of concrete aggregate combination (basalt as coarse aggregate and limestone as fine aggregate, basalt as coarse aggregate and basalt as fine aggregate), simulation analysis on temperature field and thermal creep stress field of the commendatory construction scheme have been down, and analysis have also been down on temperature field and thermal stress field of the two different aggregate combination, the result indicates that the spillway dam and mid level outlet dam which adopted these two aggregate combination can both satisfy the require of design crack resistance in concrete, furthermore limestone as fine is better than basalt as fine aggregate; the effect of summer water storage and winter water storage on the temperature field and thermal stress field have been analyzed, comparing with winter water storage, in summer water storage scheme the maximum tensile stress at abnormal concrete in upstream fill is decreased by 0.1～0.3MPa and there are no evidence change of the maximum tensile stress at other parts, which indicate that summer water storage is avail for the crack resistance of upstream fill; according to the simulation calculating result and comparing temperature simulation calculating results and temperature controlling measures of some similarity projects both completed and construction, synthesis appraise have been carried to the design temperature controlling measures of dam, and the temperature controlling measures of this project have been brought forward, all these have great reference value on the design of temperature controlling measures and the optimization of the construction scheme.

本文采用三维有限元浮动网格法仿真计算程序，对某碾压混凝土重力坝的溢流坝段和中孔坝段分别进行了三维有限元温度场和温度徐变应力仿真计算分析，对浇筑温度、冷却水管的布置方式、冷却水温、通水时间、浇筑升程和间歇时间、不同开始浇筑日期等参数进行了敏感性分析，在此基础上提出了推荐的施工方案；根据两种骨料方案(玄武岩粗骨料+灰岩细骨料方案；玄武岩粗骨料+玄武岩细骨料方案)的混凝土性能试验研究成果，对推荐的施工方案进行了温度场和温度徐变应力仿真计算，并对比分析了两种不同骨料情况下的温度场和温度应力，结果表明溢流坝段及中孔坝段采用上述两种骨料均能满足混凝土的抗裂设计要求，且灰岩细骨料优于玄武岩细骨料；计算分析了夏季蓄水和冬季蓄水对坝体温度场和温度应力的影响，夏季蓄水方案与冬季蓄水方案相比，坝体上游变态混凝土区域最大拉应力小0.1～0.3MPa，其他部位最大拉应力无明显变化，夏季蓄水对坝体上游面混凝土的抗裂有利；根据仿真计算成果并通过比较国内一些已建和在建的类似工程的温度仿真计算成果及采取的温控措施，对大坝的设计温控措施进行了综合评价，并提出了该工程的温控措施，对温控设计和优化施工方案具有重要参考价值。

The quasi-perpendicular collisionless shock consists of foot, ramp and a series of overshoots and undershoots, after travelling back upstream for a short distance, the reflected protons gyrate back into the downstream where an temperature anisotropy is formed due to an anisotropy of velocity distribution, then excite Alfvén ion cyclotron waves and mirror waves that dissipate the kinetic energy into heat; At quasi-parallel collisionless shocks, the reflected protons can travel far upstream, and lead to the generation of ion beam instabilities which excite large-amplitude right-hand polarized ultralow-frequency resonant waves whose frequencies are are about〓 These waves are convected back downstream by solar wind and gradually merge to form the downstream state, in the meantime new waves are generated continuously in the upstream, this process where ULF waves are generated and merge into downstream state is cyclical.

准垂直无碰撞激波系由根部、斜坡区以及一系列的低冲和过插组成，被激波反射的质子向激波上游运动很短的距离就在回旋作用下再次向下游运动，和激波发生相互作用以后进入激波的下游，在激波的下游引起质子速度分布的各向异性，进而引起激波下游温度的各向异性，激发起Alfvén离子回旋波和镜波，将激波上游的动能耗散成激波下游的热能；在准平行无碰撞激波(θ〓＝10°)情况下，这部分质子能向激波上游运动很大一段距离，并在激波的上游激发起束流不稳定性，引起大振幅的低频波动。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。