查询词典 upper reaches

This study analysised the condition of Xinjiang's petroleum resource and made an evaluation and it points out that the development of petroleum and natural gas of Xinjiang is still in the developing period in which it aims at discovering the petrol field and increasing its reserves.Although it has a great exploring potential,because of its geograghy limitation and a lack of exploring funds,the exploring level is till low,even lower than the everage level of the whole country. The study is based on theories of industry distributions,its concentration,macroscopic analysis,government regulations and continuing development.From microcosmic and macroscopic aspects,it scientifically and systematically analyses the problems in the development of petroleum industry in Xinjiang.It points that the developments of middle and upper reaches lack a balance and have no rational industry structures.So it is hard to form an integral industry chains.Moreover,the upper reach covers a too much large proportion in the development,so it can not give a strong impetus to other industries.Based it,the paper points the industrial concentration of Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be enhanced and Input to Petroleum Chemical Products Manufacture of Xinjiang should be increased.Due to a lack of an established fair and competitive market and government's perfect laws and regulations on petroleum industry,it points that the phenomenon of mixed operation has become common in monolopied business and competitive business,so the systems of petroleum industry needs to be restructured.It states clearly that the country should take the development and benefits of Xinjiang's economy into consideration when making strategies for petroleum development .Besides,the allocation of profits between the center and the local should be well arranged so that we can guarantee the profits of Xinjiang ,considered as a resource area.It also reveals that we should not only overcome limitations of resources,environment,economy and technology on continuring development,but also we should deal with some realistic problems well.For instance,contradictions between the concept of limited resource and continuing development,the relationship between petroleum industry's own features and continuing development,the contradictions between the limits on supply of petroleum and the need of future development of continuing resource ,outdated petroleum technology and the need of advanced technology for continuing development,tremendous damages to environment and requirements of environment protection for continuing development and Xinjiang continuing economic development,outdated policy of industry and continuing development,the relationship between continuing development of Xinjiang petroleum industry and continuing economic development of Xinjiang.

本研究以产业布局理论、产业集中度理论、灰关联分析理论、政府规制理论、可持续发展理论为依据，从微观、宏观两个层面，科学、系统、全面地分析新疆石油产业的发展问题，指出：新疆石油天然气目前仍处于油气田发现和增储的主要发展阶段，开发潜力巨大，但由于地质原因及勘探投入的不足，石油天然气探明程度偏低，低于全国平均水平；新疆石油产业产业结构布局不合理、上中下游发展不平衡，难以形成完整的产业链条，对工业的带动力与其本身具有的经济总量很不匹配；新疆石油开采业和石油加工业属于高度寡头垄断的市场类型，新疆石油化工业属于竞争型的市场结构，要想石油产业对新疆经济有较强的带动作用，新疆石油化工业必须上升到一定的层次和规模，在提高规模的基础上，提高新疆化工业的产业集中度；新疆石油加工业和化工业与农业呈现较高的关联度，加大对石油加工业和化工业的投入，对新疆经济的协调发展有着深远的影响；政府要从石油产业本质特征和发展趋势为着眼点，实施规制改革，分开政府规制政策的制定部门和监管部门职能，建立健全石油产业法律法规体系，对垄断性业务和竞争性业务实施分类规制；国家石油发展战略的制定应兼顾新疆区域经济的发展和利益，应切实处理好新疆与中央的利益分配，切实保证新疆作为资源产区合理的资源收益；新疆石油产业要想得以可持续发展，不仅要克服影响可持续发展的资源、环境、经济和技术等客观因素，还要处理好观念、需求、政策等诸多主观因素。

Andrew Atherton and his party visited the economic center of upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the International Business School, and held talks with the leaders and relevant personnel of above-mentioned department.

Andrew Atherton副校长一行访问我校期间还参观访问了长江上游经济中心和国际商学院并与上述部门的领导及相关人员进行了会谈，已达成初步的合作意向。

Cutting down trees will be banned in regions along the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River, with timber output reduced by about 20 million cubic metres.

加大长江上游、黄河中上游天然林保护工程的实施力度。长江上游，黄河中上游将禁止砍伐树木，从而木材产量将减少2000万立方米。

With the land use change and the enhancement of human activity, the groundwater pollution index rises from the indirect recharge area via the direct recharge area to the discharge area. The same variation happens from upper reaches to lower reaches in Daxin river basin, a typical karat area in the east of Jinan spring basin where the patterns of land use and human activity changes apparently. There is a close relationship between the groundwater and land use change and human activity.

伴随土地利用方式的改变和人类活动强度的空间变化，地下水质从间接补给区、直接补给区到泉水排泄区，单项污染指数和综合污染指数依次升高；具有典型代表性的泉域东部大辛河流域，从上游、中游到下游，地下水污染物的浓度也渐次升高，且愈往下游污染物浓度增幅愈大，显示出与土地利用方式和人类活动的密切相关性。

With the land use change and the enhancement of human activity, the groundwater pollution index rises from the indirect recharge area via the direct recharge area to the discharge area. The same variation happens from upper reaches to lower reaches in Daxin river basin, a typical karst area in the east of Jinan spring basin where the patterns of land use and human activity changes apparently. There is a close relationship between the groundwater and land use change and human activity.

伴随土地利用方式的改变和人类活动强度的空间变化，地下水质从间接补给区、直接补给区到泉水排泄区，单项污染指数和综合污染指数依次升高；具有典型代表性的泉域东部大辛河流域，从上游、中游到下游，地下水污染物的浓度也渐次升高，且愈往下游污染物浓度增幅愈大，显示出与土地利用方式和人类活动的密切相关性。

Results show that the water environment of the upper Huangpu River is affected integratedly by land use and flow from the upper reaches; river water quality is negatively related to proportion of industrial land in the sample zones; and the water quality at the water catchment near the Songpu Bridge is closely related to the water quality of the flow coming down from the upper streams, and driving forces of change in land use, such as development of the industry and population density in the waterhead region.

结果表明，黄浦江上游水环境质量受到土地利用格局及上游来水的综合影响，各样带工业用地比例与水质改善指数呈极显著负相关(P.01)，松浦大桥取水口水质与上游来水水质以及水源地当地的工业发展、人口密度等土地利用变化驱动力具有很好的关联性。

Liu Shuang, in the West, mostly on new media venture capital as a bridge grafting, creativity and the upper reaches of the lower reaches of the market to link up.

刘爽介绍，在西方，新媒体大多是以风险资本作为嫁接桥梁，将上游的创意和下游的市场连接起来。

To liberation, the two piers cracks have occurred, endangering the bridge itself, has had to limit heavy vehicles crossing the bridge, speed limits, limit the number. 1954, the local spent six months repaired the crack of the pier, in the original steel trusses on the level of amputation and a curved shape of the upper limbs, using reinforced concrete bridge deck boards, so that the bridge deck beam into a combination of vertical and horizontal beams, Increase the carrying capacity of 20 tons of cars can have full. 1981, the upper reaches of the Yellow River Bridge has withstood the test of catastrophic flood, safe and sound.

到解放时，两个桥墩已发生裂缝，危及大桥本身，不得不对过桥车辆限重、限速、限数。1954年，当地用了半年时间修好了开裂的桥墩，在原来钢桁架的水平肢上加了一根弯曲形的上肢，桥面改用钢筋混凝土板，使桥面的纵横梁变为组合梁，提高了承载能力，20吨重的汽车可以畅行无阻。1981年，大桥经受了黄河上游特大洪水的考验，安然无恙。

The concentration of 7 kinds of pollutants in the mid-upper reaches and 3 kinds of pollutants in the lower reaches of the Dawenhe River Basin exceeds the standard of water quality.

大汶河流域的中上游有7项污染物质量浓度超标，下游有3项超标。

Especially the drainage area of upper reaches of Yellow River in northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the drainage area of upper reaches of Yangtse river, lower reaches of Brahmaputra in southern Tibet and the upper reaches of Nujiang river, Lancangjiang river and Jinshajiang river in southeastern Tibet, are centralized areas that geological hazards occur, in which the earthquakes, rockfalls, landslides and mudflows are most typical, severe, and mostly hazards in human modern engineering activity and living environment.

尤其是青藏高原周缘西北部的黄河上游流域、东南部的长江上游流域、西藏南部的雅鲁藏布江下游区及其东南部的&三江地区&，成为地质灾害事件集中发生的区域，其中的地震、崩滑流、断裂活动等地质灾害效应最为强烈，成为影响现代人类工程活动和生存环境的主要灾害。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。