查询词典 upper growth

The transforming growth factor-β superfamily, a large group of highly conserved growth factors including TGF-βs, activins and BMPs, regulate a wide variety of cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. Signals from these growth factors are transduced by a group of Smad proteins. To date, there are nine vertebrate Smads, including the receptor-activated Smads , Smadsl-3, 5 and 8, the common mediator Smad4 and Smad4β, and the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and 7. Signaling is initiated when the ligand induces assembly of a heteromeric complex of type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ TGFβ receptors. Then R-Smads are directly phosphorylated by activated type I TGF-β receptors.

在多种SMADS中，SMAD5令我们产生兴趣，基于三个原因：1、Smad5基因敲除胚胎中发现卵黄囊的异位造血以及CFU-GM祖细胞数目增加，表明SMAD5可能是早期造血发育的负向调控基因。；2、应用反义核酸封闭Smad5可以逆转TGF-β对祖细胞增殖的抑制效应，表明它可能介导TGF-β信号转导，后者的异常，包括某些SMADS的功能异常，和白血病紧密相关；3、Smad5基因定位在人染色体5q21，此区域的缺失和急性髓系白血病和骨髓增生异常综合症相关，因此，Smad5被怀疑为白血病抑制基因。

It was shown that the resultant cybrid HL-R cells incorporated with reticulocyte cytoplasts became differentiated 〓 bytalterationcin growth parameters, which might be defined as decancerization:(1) loss of growth ability in soft agar medium;(2) nontumorigenic under heterotransplantation in their filial cellular generation to mude mice;(3) decrease of growth rate, cellular mitoxic index and DNA synthesis rate;(4) decrease or inhibition of c-myc gene expression;(5) expression of human globin gene products in 〓 subculture.

利用C-myc癌基因探针的分子杂交技术，未检测到胞质杂交细胞存在相当于C-myc基因特异的同源序列mRNA，提示杂交细胞癌基因表达严重受抑。

The PGFs, for example, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-β〓, mediated the stromal-epithelial interaction through paracrine and autocrine, directly controled the growth, differentiation and apoptosis of prostatic cells and played an important role during the process of BPH. In the present study, the expression of bFGF and TGFβ〓 in normal and hyperplasic prostate were determined with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

多肽生长因子，如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和转化生长因子（TGF-β1）以旁分泌和自分泌的方式介导间质-上皮相互作用，直接调控前列腺细胞的生长、分化和凋亡，在BPH发病过程中发挥着重要作用。

This suggests that the effects of temperature on growth of the two coral species were different. Growth rates of S. hystrix at 25℃ were stable and higher than those of S. pistillata. However, the effects of temperature on growth rate of S. hystrix may be modified by other factors (e.g., mesocosm effect) in higher or lower temperatures. The mortality of S. pistillata in three temperature treatments was very low, while the partial mortality of S.

这些结果显示，两种珊瑚在不同温度下的生长反应有所差异，在适温环境下，尖枝列孔珊瑚的生长稳定且高於萼柱珊瑚，但萼柱珊瑚却会受到其他因素影响；在较高和较低温时，萼柱珊瑚生长没有受到生态箱效应影响，而温度对於尖枝列孔珊瑚生长率的影响可能受到生态箱效应而改变。

Pistillata. However, the mean growth rates of S. pistillata in two mesocosms at 25℃ were significantly different. The mean growth rates of S. hystrix in two mesocosms at 28℃ were significantly different and did not show a consistant relationship compared to those of S. pistillata. The mean growth rates of S. hystrix in two mesocosms at 20℃ were significantly different, but those of S. pistillata were the same.

在25℃的2个生态箱之间，尖枝列孔珊瑚的平均生长率相似，并且大部份都显著高於萼柱珊瑚，而萼柱珊瑚的平均生长率则显著不同；然而，在28℃的2个生态箱之间，尖枝列孔珊瑚的平均生长率变异较大，与萼柱珊瑚的平均生长率比较并无一致的趋势；在20℃的2个生态箱之间，萼柱珊瑚的平均生长率相似，尖枝列孔珊瑚却有显著不同。

Detailed time-dependent evolutions of the morphology and phase were systematically studied and the formation of both CuO nanostructured arrays was shown to be due to oxidation→ growth → dehydration and oxidation → dehydration → growth processes, respectively. The kinetically controlled nucleation and growth determined the final morphology of the CuO nanostructures.

系统研究了产物的物相和形貌随反应时间的演变情况，结果表明两种氧化铜纳米结构阵列分别是通过氧化→生长→脱水和氧化→脱水→生长过程形成的，其中动力学因素控制的成核与生长过程决定了氧化铜纳米结构的最终形貌。

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor,basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factorβ1(TGF β1)and tumor derived adhesion factor in laryngopharyngeal malignant melanoma and its relation to neovasculariztion and prognosis of the disease.

目的研究血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)及其受体和肿瘤源性粘附因子在咽喉部恶性黑色素瘤中的表达特点，以及它们与肿瘤内微血管密度和病人预后的关系。

RESULTS: hADSCs presented fibroblast-like morphological feature with a flocked array. The 3rd passage of hADSCs had unique immunophenotypes and they were positive for CD73, CD44, CD166, CD105 and CD29, but negative for CD31, CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. Cell cycle result showed that they had the typical growth characteristics of stem cells, namely, 83.81% cells stayed at G0/G1 stage, only 16.19% cells were stayed at S+G2/M stage; The latent phase of the primary culture cells was 2 days prior to and after incubation, followed by 3-6 days of logarithmical proliferation, reached a peak at day 6, and entering the growth platform phase with lower growth speed.

结果：分离培养的人脂肪间充质干细胞为成纤维细胞样，呈漩涡状排列。P3代人脂肪间充质干细胞呈CD73，CD105，CD166，CD44及CD29阳性，而CD31，CD34，CD45及HLA-DR阴性；具有典型的干细胞增殖特点，83.81%细胞处于G0/G1期，仅16.19%细胞处于S+G2/M期；细胞在接种后前2 d处于生长潜伏期，第3~6天处于对数生长期，第6天达峰值，以后细胞生长速度减慢，进入生长平台期，平均五六天传代1次。

Analysis and fitting of growth curves in Liyang chicken;2. The results of antibacterial spectra and growth curves of eleven strains with better antagonistic effect showed that: 4 strains isolated from NAC plate had wider range of antibacterial spectra,3 strains isolated from manganic nutrient agar plate had advantage on growth.

用点种法从大黄鱼肠道优势菌群中筛选出104株病原性副溶血弧菌的拮抗菌，进一步研究拮抗效果最好的11株拮抗菌的抗菌谱和生长曲线，其中NAC平板上筛选的4株拮抗菌的抗菌范围较广，锰营养琼脂培养基上筛选的3株拮抗菌具有生长优势。

The growth of cell and the biochemical component in mixotrophic cultivation were affected by luminance, which is beneficial to growth and accumulation of nutritive components of C. vulgaris. 2. Growth of C. vulgaris under different magnetic treatment The cultivation of C. vulgaris was undertaken with static magnetic treatment, cycle magnetic treatment and magnetized water treatment respectively.

自养状态下小球藻生长缓慢，生物量低，但蛋白质、叶绿素、不饱和脂肪酸都较丰富；异养培养可以大幅提高小球藻生长速率和生物量，脂肪含量很高，有利于亚麻酸的积累，但光照的缺乏使叶绿素和蛋白含量降低；兼养培养既有利于藻的生长，也能促进各种成分的积累。

He paid $5,000 for this cupcake.

他我这个纸杯蛋糕花了5000美元。

I mean, if you want to, that is

我的意思是，如果你们想吃的话。