查询词典 unobservable

Copula function keeps unchanged within a regime, and the transitions are driven by an unobservable Markov Chain.

该模型的特点是，Copula函数在一个状态内是固定的，在不同状态之间的转移过程是一个不可观测的马氏链。

One of the controversial focuses for scientific Realism and antirealism is whether the description of the scientific theory of the unobservable or scientific entity is true or just a nominal concept posited for the purpose of "saving phenomena".

科学实在论与反实在论所争论的焦点之一是，科学理论对不可观察的理论实体的描述是真实的或者只是一种为&拯救现象&而做的虚设。

Mix distribution hypnoses assume that the asset price movement and the trading volume are both determined by an unobservable flow of information; different pieces of information flowing into the security market will cause movements of both the trading volume and the price.

结果发现，与成熟的股票市场相比，中国股票价格波动的非对称性较弱，这可能是由于中国股票市场的特殊结构与贷款利率缺乏刚性所造成的。3，混合分布假说认为金融资产的收益和交易量是由一个潜在的不可观测的信息流变量共同决定的，信息流的冲击将同时产生收益和交易量的变动，即信息流是混合变量，日交易次数或交易量可以作为信息流的替代指标，所以交易量能够很好的解释价格波动性。

According to Meese's exchange rate model in 1986, in this paper, we modified Meese's (1986) model and suppose the Interest Rate Parity is untenable, the risk premium factor and real exchange rate parameter are considered, and the Purchasing Power parity doesn't follow random walk, we derive our modified equilibrium model. Base on the State Space Model, we try to estimate bubbles and risk premium which are unobservable variables by Kalman Filter to test which one is or both are the main factors that to cause the real assets price biased from the market fundamental price.

本文是以Meese(1986)所决定的汇率模型为基础，但Messe一文并未讨论到风险溢酬的问题，故本文为了克服此一缺憾，而假设未抛捕的利率平价说(uncovered interest parity，UIP)不成立，以加入风险溢酬因子，且更进一步假设偏离购买力平价理论(purchasing power parity，PPP)不服从随机漫步，若如此则顺利将实质汇率变数纳入於模型中，重新建立均衡汇率模型，为了验证本文所创立的模型，实证方法以状态空间模型为基础，运用卡门滤波器递回法来估计不可观察的变数，以观察台湾的外汇市场上是因泡沫现象还是风险溢酬造成资产价格偏离市场基要价值或是两者皆是造成实际资产价格偏离市场机要价格的因素。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。