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From equations eliminated some unknown function and its derivative, are contained only one unknown function with constant coefficient of linear differential equations.

从方程组中消去一些未知函数及其各阶导数，得到只含有一个未知函数的高阶常系数线性微分方程 9。

For detecting the vibration frequency the dynamic systems, and using topology contravariant functor the unknown space was mapped to known space,the vibration frequency of unknown space will be investigated by the contravariant functor.

为了分析动力系统振动频率的瞬变性，采用拓扑反变的理论把未知的动力系统空间映射到已知的空间中，通过拓扑反变算子研究未知的空间频率的瞬变性。

Taking the unknown coordinate in curved surface and curve as design variables, the equation of curved surface as constrained condition, and the distance between unknown coordinate as objective function, optimization is proposed to minimize the distance between curved surface and curve.

建立以曲面、曲线上未知，点坐标设计变量，以曲面和曲线方程为约束条件，以曲线和曲面距离为目标函数的约束优化方法来精确地确定曲面和曲线之间最短距离，同时确定获得最短距离对应的坐标点。

By re-constructing the system, the residual error dynamic characteristics of unknown input and fault signals including unknown disturbances and modelling error are obtained. The energy norm indexes of disturbance and fault signals of residual error are selected separately to reflect the restraint of disturbance and the sensitivity of faults, and the design of fault detection observer is described as an optimization problem.

通过对系统进行重构，获取了包括未知扰动、建模误差等未知输入信号和故障信号的残差动态特性，分别选取残差的扰动信号和故障信号的能量范数指标来体现其对扰动的抑制作用和对故障的灵敏性，并将故障检测观测器的设计描述为一个优化问题。

This steam temperature did not calculate too high, this time the human new outer space exposure suit already had the long time to resist 3000 degrees high temperature abilities, as for the steam formidable pressure also insufficient was worry, only was in this steam the unknown material whether had the danger, extremely anxious and puzzled, was good in them is the direct impact outer space, and is flung fast to the planetoid after death, otherwise density too Gao Huochang the time contact definitely could have some kind of unknown event.

这蒸汽的温度不算太高，此时人类新型太空防护服已经具备长时间抵御3000度高温的能力，至于蒸汽的强大压力也不足为虑，只是这蒸汽中未知物质是否具有危险，十分令人担忧和困惑，好在它们是直冲外层空间，并被快速地甩向小行星的身后，否则浓度太高或长时间接触肯定会发生某种未知的事件。

The transient air gap magnetic fields under different conditions are also calculated and analyzed. The novel finite element method directly using magnetic induction as unknown variable has many advantage. It is analyzed theoretically in detail. Nonlinear eddy current field equations and finite element equations using magnetic induction as unknown variable are developed.

直线电机的磁场是一非均匀、非线性的涡流场，文中对非均匀磁场及材料的非线性进行了分析，提出了相应的解决办法，采用以向量磁位为求解量的传统有限元法，对不同合闸角下筒式复合次级圆筒型直线感应电机的瞬态特性进行了计算与试验分析，对不同条件下瞬态气隙磁场进行了研究。

The main purpose of this study which is taking linear equation with one unknown variable as a subject was to investigate the effects of two different teaching ways: Modeling Teaching and General Teaching on solving linear equation with one unknown variable and applied problems.

本电子全文仅授权使用者为学术研究之目的，进行个人非营利性质之检索、阅读、列印。请遵守中华民国著作权法之相关规定，切勿任意重制、散布、改作、转贴、播送，以免触法。论文使用权限校内外完全公开

According to the fuzzy inclusion relation of the integrative decision making value expressed by the unknown attribute weight and the subjective preference, a fuzzy linear programming model is suggested to solve the unknown attribute weight. In addition, the related extension of this model is developed.

根据含未知属性权重的被评价方案的综合评价值与决策者主观判断的模糊包含关系，提出采用模糊线性规划模型求解属性权重，并研究模型的应用范围。

The findings knew that the ships collision is a type of an act of tort , its liability asks to recompense is looks carefully the state of fault to decide , generally may divide into the force majeure or the unknown cause collision , the mutual fault of both sides collision and so on , because if the force majeure or the unknown cause collision , undertake voluntarily by the victim , if an error of the side undertakes the damage compensate responsibility by the inflicter , when if both sides have mutually to cause its faults , basically it depends on the fault to share , but if it's unable to judge the proportion then the average to share is necessary.

研究结果得知，船舶碰撞为一典型之侵权行为，其责任求偿乃端视过失型态而定，一般可分为不可抗力或不明原因之碰撞、单方过失碰撞及双方互有过失碰撞等，而若因不可抗力或不明原因之碰撞者，由受害人自行承担，若纯为一方之过失者则由加害者承担损害赔偿责任，若因双方互有过失所造成时，原则上依过失程度分担，但若无法判定比例时则平均分担。

In our thesis, contents are organized as following In Chapter 1 we present our topic's internal and overseas research situations, theoretical and practical significance, and introduce the research object and contents, and the main contributions of this dissertation. Chapter 2 reviews the development of the stability results for nonlinear systems and some relevant recent results, which include Lyapunov and LaSalle-Yoshizawa theorems for nonlinear systems, and stochastic edition for stochastic nonlinear systems. Sontag's formula for systems affine in control is presented in the frame of CLF. The concepts of disturbance attenuation and the inverse optimality are also explained in this Chapter. In chapter 3 we present the solvable theorem of inverse optimal gain assignment problem, design the inverse optimal controller and the inverse optimal tracking controller for strict-feedback nonlinear continuous systems with unknown time-varing bounded disturbances and constant unknown parameters using an adaptive backstepping algorithm, which are nonlinear, continuous and are easier to realize. These designs are fully systematic and the algorithm can be directly coded in symbolic software. The results of simulation show the effectiveness of the control algorithms.

论文的结构如下：在第1章中，给出了本文研究课题的研究现状、理论意义和实际应用，并介绍了本文的研究对象、研究内容以及主要贡献；在第2章中，针对确定性非线性系统和随机非线性系统，分别介绍了Lyapunov定理、LaSalle-Yoshizawa定理及其随机版本；对仿射系统，在控制Lyapunov函数框架下，给出了Sontag公式；同时给出了非线性系统扰动抑制和逆最优控制问题的基本概念；在第3章中，针对具有未知时变有界扰动和未知定常参数的一类不确定非线性系统，给出并证明了逆最优增益配置可解定理，使用自适应Backstepping算法和均值定理，系统地设计了自适应逆最优控制器和逆最优跟踪器，这种设计方法可同时获得逆最优控制策略和自适应律，简单明了，仿真结果表明该控制算法的有效性，并给出了性能估计。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。