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The current accounting system that based on the cash basis cannot meet the demands of universities' financial management and the social requirements to know the financial information in universities because the environment of budge accounting has changed dramatically in new situations.

新形势下高校预算会计的环境发生了很大变化，以收付实现制为确认基础的高校会计制度难以满足高校管理及社会各界在不同利益情况下对高校财务信息的不同需求。

Post-secondary (Sub-degree course)（专上教育: Including all Higher Certificate/ Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree/ Endorsement Certificate/ Associateship or equivalent courses in Universities/ Vocational Training Council, other sub-degree courses in Universities funded by University Grants Committee, Higher Certificate/ Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree or equivalent courses in former Polytechnics/ other statutory or approved Postsecondary Colleges, Higher Diploma/ Professional Diploma/ Associate Degree/ Pre-Associate Degree or equivalent courses in other colleges providing postsecondary courses, sub-degree courses in Hong Kong Institute of Education, Sub-degree level nurse training courses/ dental training courses, Distance learning sub-degree level courses and other sub-degree level courses

包括大学／职业训练局的高级证书／高级文凭／专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修/增修证书/院士衔或同等课程、由大学资助委员会资助的其它大学非学位课程、前理工学院/其它法定或认可的专上学院的高级证书/高级文凭/专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修或同等课程、其它专上学院开设的高级文凭/专业文凭/副学士/副学士先修或同等课程、香港教育学院的非学位课程、护士训练非学位课程、牙科训练非学位课程及遥距非学位课程。

Taking employment in high colleges and universities as the guidance,from the thought vision of taking the pand rofessional post ability as the standard post, on the basis of exploring the society standard education and the professional usable sports education,this article analyzes the main curriculum pattern of sports curriculum teaching in our country higher colleges and universities,and proposes some preliminary ideas and suggestion of usable sports curriculum in higher professional colleges and universities .

从高职院校以就业为导向、按岗位设专业、以职业岗位能力为本位的教育思想的视角，在阐述&社会本位&教育与&职业实用性体育&教育的基础上，分析了我国高等职业院校体育课程教学的主要课程设置模式，提出了高职院校职业实用性体育课程设置的一些初步设想和建议。

Since 1994, when the Law of University was emendated, the private universities in Taiwan have been facing the rapid enlargement in school numbers, student population decreasing year by year, and extreme competition from famous foreign universities. In order to increase competitiveness and quality of teaching, Taiwanese universities must jump out the old-fashion way of thinking by first establishing a clear management vision and common goal; second, by establishing a definitive responsibility center, and third, by adopting the market mechanism of all-directions performance management. It is urgently necessary to provide the accounting information needed to operate the system in the school administration, whose job it is to combine the management system of responsibility center and responsibility accounting.

台湾在&大学法&（1994）修订后，民办高校面对校数急速扩充、就学人121逐年下降，以及海内外大学名校强势竞争的冲击，为求提高竞争力，唯有跳脱传统办学旧思维，订定一个明确的经营愿景蓝图和共同目标、建置分权管理的责任中心，采行全方位绩效管理的市场机制，才能提供高素质教学品质，并兼顾学校的永续发展；也因此，结合责任中心管理制度和责任会计提供的会计信息应用于校务运作体制，有其迫切必要在。

The relative autonomy of universities is more propitious to realize governmental long-term objects,to build first-class universities and to have special features for universities.

但这一问题是回避不了的，伴随着中国的和平崛起，中国大学不可能老是默默无闻，必然要走向世界，跻身于世界大学之林。

To sum up, the writer focuses on marginal cross of Higher Education and Public Management, exploring the inner disciplines from the perspectives of Governance and main interests, trying to broaden the study of higher education, offering references for future higher education policy-making to advance the transition in governance of universities, rebuild the universities and finally realize the ideals and mission of our universities.

总之，作者聚焦于高等教育学与公共管理学交叉的边缘性地带，从治理变革和各利益主体的角度出发来考察大学发展的内在规律，试图在理论上拓宽高等教育学科的研究路径，为未来我们制订高等教育政策提供参考，以有助于推进我国大学治道变革，最终重塑大学，达成大学的理想与目标。

The study of 34 presidents' individual characteristics of well-known university in China shows that 33 of them are male and 1 is female, come from the east and middle developed region, 94.11% who are 40~59 years old become helmsmen of universities, 91.17% have the record of postgraduate education, 94.11% study science and engineering, 61.76% have studied in foreign universities, 50% have got a degree from their old universities, 50% are members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences or the Chinese Academy of Engineering, their average terms of office are 4.6 years.

对34位知名大学校长个人特征研究发现：33位为男性而只有1位女性，他们主要来自东部和中部发达地区，94.11%在40~59岁时成为大学掌舵人，91.17%具备研究生学历，94.11%理工科专业出身，61.76%有国外大学学习的经历，50%至少有一个本校的学位，50%是中国科学院或中国工程院士，平均任职年限为4.6年，这些特征表现出与国外知名大学校长特征的差异性，并对知名大学学校长的涌现和更好成长以及知名大学的发展有一定启示。

Taking a special position in China, the RUC has won the high recognition of the State and Government since its establishment. It was ranked into the national key universities for three times, i.e., in 1954, 1959 and 1960. It was ranked first in the top ten universities China shall build with focus in 1980. Following that the RUC was first listed in the key universities of the "211 Project".

中国人民大学是中国一所有着特殊地位的大学，从建校至今，历来受到国家和政府的高度重视。1954年、1959年和1960年三次将中国人民大学列为国家重点建设的大学之一。1980年，中国人民大学被列为国家重点建设的十所大学之首。1996年，中国人民大学又成为首批进入211工程的重点大学之列。

In fact, colleges and universities recruiting students selected their own candidates to participate in the national examination results to reach students to determine where the province's colleges and universities with the pilot to take control of the same batch of points, the provincial Office of Admissions to the selection of pilot candidates投档University, the pilot colleges and universities through pre-examination and publicity, test results of candidates who meet the requirements for admission.

而实际上，高校自主招生的入选考生必须参加全国统考，成绩达到生源所在省确定的与试点高校同批次录取控制分数线的，省级招生办向考生选拔的试点高校投档，试点高校对通过先期考试和公示、统考成绩符合要求的考生进行录取。

Under the influences of the Great Schism and Humanism in the 15th century, there were some gradual changes in the late medieval universities, such as the emergence of the university-owned building, the fading of the internationalization and the increasing of the localization, the weakening of the church s control of the universities and the more intervention from secular power; meanwhile, there were also significant changes in the inner organizational form and curriculum content in universities.

在&大分裂&以及15世纪人文主义向大学渗透等因素的影响下，晚期中世纪大学发生了渐进性的变化，如大学自有建筑的出现、国际色彩的淡化和区域性的加强、教会对大学控制程度的削弱和世俗力量对大学干预程度的提高，同时大学内部组织形式和课程内容等也出现了较为明显的变化。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。