查询词典 unique feature

The article starts with the basic conception of urban feature, makes contrast analysis with relevant fields of urban landscape, urban ecology, urban geography, urban aesthesis, clarifies the study subject and field of urban feature, relates the study with the specialty of urban feature study contents, and based on the probe of urban feature's characteristics of obscurity, certainty and duality of culture and form, puts forward with systematic analysis the conceptions of urban feature hiding factor, urban feature surfacing factor, urban feature core, urban feature mark, space structure core and times core, and sets up urban feature database.

论文首先从城市风貌的基本概念出发，通过与城市景观、城市生态、城市地理、城市美学等相关学科的对比分析，明确了城市风貌研究的对象和范畴，结合城市风貌研究内容的特殊性，在深入剖析了城市风貌的模糊性、确定性、文态与形态双重性等特征之后，运用系统分析的观点，提出了城市风貌潜态因子、城市风貌显态因子、城市风貌核、城市风貌符号、空间结构核、时间文态核等概念，在系统分析的基础上，建立了城市风貌信息数据库。

First it concludes elementary methods for product modeling such as feature recognition, feature-based design and feature mapping. Then it probes into the mechanism of constraint-based feature parametric modeling, representation of feature parametric model and methods for solving constraint in details. At the end it proposes a feature-based modeling system that makes good use of resources and synthesizes many feature modeling methods, and analyses the development of prototype system oriented to actual application.

首先全面归纳了基本的基于特征的产品建模方法，包括特征识别、基于特征设计和特征映射方法，然后对基于约束的特征参数化建模、特征参数化模型的表达和定义方法以及约束求解方法进行了深入研究，最后提出了一个充分利用现有资源，特征识别、基于特征设计和特征映射共用的特征建模系统，并探讨了面向实际应用的原型系统的开发技术。

Main points of the thesis are as follows:(1) The main function models and information relations between these models in the CAPP system in the integrated CAD/CAM project are explained, a new process plan design method is mentioned based on analyses of process plan design. This method is based on the process plan prototype, and develops the prototype little by little until the perfect process plan is completed, the prospect of this method is discussed;(2) The feature abstracting rules and methods are studied, a feature coding system is developed based on GT, all the defined feature models are described by the mathematical methods;(3) The integrated method of CAD/CAPP based on features is mentioned, this method defines a feature exchanging model, and develops an interface software to exchange design data into technology data base, this technology data base includes the design and technology information of the parts;(4) The process plan reasoning method based on features is created, this method uses Mycin algorithm to solve the reasoning of the feature process plan. A process plan making system is developed. In this system part process plan is made by the semi-intelligent method, this method uses the feature reasoning, feature process chain searching and man-computer talking together;(5) The main structure of the HOPE system is introduced, a shaft drawing and its process plan made by this system are shown, the data process problem in process drawing making is also discussed;(6) A new method of describing process rule is introduced, this method uses IfThen rules and neural nets weight values together to describe process rules, the BP algorithm is adopted in this method;(7) The optimal machining sequence problem of the process steps on the same fixturing is discussed, optimal algorithms SA is applied to solve this problem, the result shows that this method is more efficient than the traditional method;(8) All jobs in the thesis are summarized. In order to carry out the research in the future, some rational proposals are given.

全文论述的内容主要有下列几个方面：(1)较为系统地阐述了CAD／CAM一体化工程项目中CAPP系统的主要功能模块及其信息流程，在分析工艺设计过程的基础上，提出了基于特征原型的渐进式工艺设计方法，并探讨了该方法的应用前景；(2)研究了零件特征提取的原则和方法，在成组技术的基础上，开发了一套基于特征的分类编码系统，并在提取零件特征的基础上，定义了零件特征的数据模型，开发了基于轴类零件特征的参数化设计系统；(3)研究了基于特征的CAD／CAPP集成的方法，通过定义零件特征数据模型的存储结构，开发了将设计数据转换到工艺数据库中的接口程序，为后续的CAPP系统提供必要的零件形状和工艺信息；(4)研究了基于特征的工艺推理方法，将Mycin算法应用到工艺决策中，开发了基于特征的工艺推理及工艺方案生成系统，在系统中综合运用特征推理、特征加工工艺链查询及人机对话相结合的半智能化方法确定零件加工工艺；(5)介绍了整个HOPE系统的总体结构，通过运行HOPE系统绘出了一轴类零件的零件图，并生成了该零件的加工工艺方案，初步探讨了基于特征的工序图生成技术中数据处理问题；(6)研究了工艺设计过程中知识如何有效表示的问题，提出了将显式的IF-THEN规则表示与隐式神经网络权值表示相结合的工艺知识表示方法，并利用BP算法进行了工艺知识表示的初步研究；(7)研究了工艺设计过程中同一安装下工步优化排序问题，利用神经网络中基于模拟退火的理论来解决该工步优化排序问题，实践证明该方法较传统的算法具有更高的效率；(8)总结了本文所进行的研究工作，为今后进一步开展工作提出了较为合理的建议。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

The method optimizes the features according to the class separable criterion of margin of within-class and among-class distance and selects the optimized feature vector combination based on four kinds of features,such as gray histogram feature,wavelet transform feature,gray level co-occurrence matrix feature and moment invariants feature,with 26 dimension feature vectors in all.

针对冷轧板带材常见表面缺陷图像识别的特点，提出了板带材表面缺陷多特征优化组合方法，该方法以直方图统计特征、小波变换特征、灰度共生矩阵特征、不变矩特征等4类特征共26维特征向量为基础，依据类间类内距离差的类别可分离性判据对特征进行优化，选出最优特征向量组合。

According to gathering plentiful relative datum of of Xuer section of Yazihe structure and seismic、 well logging、 surveys、 core ect during the exploitation and exploration,the research starts with analise of slice data、 core observation and core specimens,then combines with coordination、 analyse、 concluding and the former research result.The article recognizes the tectonic feature of Xuer section of Yazihe structure and it"s tectonic evolution,analyzes the distributing feature of oik、 gas、 water、 their dominated factor、 the pressure feature of gas reservoir and especially the conservative condition of Xuer gas reservoir.At the same time,the article acquaintances the depositional feature and sedimentary environment and discusses the main genesis typeof reservoir sandstone.By analyzing the physical feature and physical relation of reservoir rock, the article first classifies and evaluates the reservoir rock simply ,then concludes it"s feature of reservoir and permeability. According to detailed core observation and fracture explanation in well logging ,the article uses single well fracture indentifying and evaluation to confirm the section where the fracture growths,putting emphases on the method to get parameter of fracture,such as fracture width and fracture porosity.Finally,combining with the principal curvature for tectonics deformation the article predicts the plane fracture of reservoir and weave the general evaluation map of crack fracture growth.

本文主要是通过大量、全面地收集鸭子河构造须二储层及气藏在油气勘探和开发过程中取得的地震、录井、测试、岩心及开采等方面的相关资料，从薄片资料、现场岩心观察和岩心样品分析资料入手，通过室内整理、分析、归纳，并结合前人的研究成果，认识鸭子河构造须二段的构造特征并分析构造的演化，浅析其油、气、水的分布特征及控制因素，气藏压力特征、重点分析须二气藏的保存条件；了解储层的沉积特征和沉积环境，从多方面讨论储层砂体的主要成因类型；分析储层的物性特征及物性间关系，并对储集岩进行简单的分类评价，归纳其储渗特征；通过详细岩心观察和测井裂缝解释，进行单井裂缝识别与评价，来确定裂缝发育层段，重点放在裂缝参数的求取，如裂缝宽度、裂缝孔隙度等，并结合构造曲率法进行储层平面裂缝的预测，编制裂缝发育综合评价图。

The concept of form feature and form feature line in terms of describing the automobile form was introduced based on the 100 digital models of automobile.20 form feature lines was captured from the 100 digital models,and sorted into three classes: the main feature line,the transition feature line,and the subjoin feature line.

在构建100个汽车造型数字模型的基础上，引入特征的概念对汽车造型进行描述，提取了20条汽车造型特征线，将其分类为主特征线、过渡特征线和附加特征线，建立了基于特征和特征线的汽车造型描述模型。

As feature extraction acts an important role in pattern recognition system, we propose three novel feature extraction methods for HCCR: a、Two structural feature extraction methods, Stroke Cross Counting Features and Peripheral Features are studied. According to the characteristics of Chinese handwriting samples, we extend the SCCF and PF respectively to weighted elastic SCCF and weighted elastic PF. Experiments show that the modified feature extraction approaches are better than original approaches. b、A new statistical feature extraction method——Elastic Meshing Directional Decomposition Feature extraction is proposed. According to the stroke statistical properties of Chinese character, we first decompose a handwritten character pattern into four directional subpatterns. Then a set of elastic meshes are applied to each of the four subpatterns respectively to extract the pixel distribution features.

统计识别方法：利用统计模式识别的经典方法——Bayes分类方法来进行汉字识别的研究，特征提取是统计模式识别的关键，本文着重围绕手写体汉字的特征分析和提取方法进行了研究，提出了三种特征提取的新方法： a、两种改进的结构特征提取方法：在笔划密度特征和外围特征的基础上，结合手写体汉字的特点，提出了加权非均匀笔划密度特征、加权非均匀外围特征的特征提取新方案； b、一种新的统计特征提取方法——弹性网格方向分解特征，根据汉字方块字的特点及笔划分布的统计特征，对手写体汉字进行横竖撇捺四方向的分解，并利用一系列的弹性网格对汉字分解后各分量的象素进行统计而提取特征，实验证明该特征提取方法用来进行手写体汉字识别是十分可行和有效的。

Feature of principal lines spatial distribution: detect the principal lines through edge detecting technology, and then divide the image of palmprint into blocks with same dimension, compute the mean and variance as feature; Feature of palmprint direction: divide the image into sub-images; compute the max angle of projection and coordinate of each sub-image, which stand for the direction and location of the line on the palm; Feature of moment invariants: compute the moment invariants of each sub-image and the whole image as feature.

掌纹主线空间分布特征：利用边缘检测技术检测出掌纹的主线，将图像分割成相同大小互不重叠的子图，提取每一个子图的均值和方差作为特征；掌纹线方向特征：将图像分成不重叠的子图，利用Radon变换求出每一个子图的最大投影角度和坐标，也就是子图内掌纹线的方向和位置，构造特征向量；掌纹不变矩特征：提取图像整体和分割后的子图的不变矩作为特征。

In chapter 5, the frame of underwater target fusion recognition system is presented, the feature extracting module of LOFAR spectrum feature, envelop spectrum feature, third-cumulant diagonal slide spectrum feature, waveshape feature, are implemented in turn. The GBB based data fusion system is prsented in the last part of this chapter.

论文的第五章首先给出了基于多神经网络多特征的水下目标融合识别系统框架；然后描述了系统中LOFAR谱特征模块、包络谱特征模块、三阶统计量对角切片谱特征模块、波形结构特征提取模块的实现过程；最后首次构造了基于通用黑板的融合识别系统。

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。