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In this paper, we discuss the problem of the P2P (peer-to-peer) networks with mobility. The peer's mobility easily causes topology mismatch between the P2P logical overlay network and physical underlying network. The topology mismatch makes P2P network inefficient.

在这篇论文中，我们首先探讨P2P网路在行动环境所面临的问题。P2P网路在节点具移动性时，节点中的逻辑连结与实体连结容易产生拓朴失配，此将降低P2P网路效能。

In mobile Ad Hoc networks, geographical routing protocol was a kind of important routing protocols, which requires the underlying topology be planar, sparse, connected and t-spanner in order to guarantee the delivery of message and bound the routing length. A new topology control algorithm named ODT, which constructed the geometry structure named ODT graph, was proposed.

基于移动Ad Hoc网络的特性，提出了一种适用于移动Ad Hoc网络的路由协议PAGPSR(Power-Aware Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing)，该协议在原有的基于地理位置的路由协议GPSR的基础上增加了节点能量感知和负载均衡算法，修改了GPSR的转发策略，使网络中能量消耗和网络负荷分布更加均匀，从而延长了整个网络的生存时间。

Primarily, the thesis assays the condition of network framework, the network was divided into three levels in terms of network management in order to establish the distributed method ,and still pointing out the intention and denotation of studying the Topology Discovery.Next, the thesis analyzes SNMP protocol minutely, including its development, principle, and the Network Management system that established on the SNMP protocol. Have analysed MIB in detail and the application way of MIB in network management .The thesis also assays the ICMP protocol, describing its working principle and the format of datagram minutely , and describing two important tools of ICMP- Ping and TraceRoute in detail. On the base of upper analysis, the thesis expounds a kind of distributed Topology Discovery project, and book it in one autonomy system. Topology Discovery was divided into two levels in terms of network management, and analyses the way of linking up between the two level. The thesis minutely assays Router-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on SNMP and Subnet-Level Topology Discovery technology basing on ARP and ICMP. According to these analyses, the thesis explores the specific methodology and the technology of XML data object which using the WinSNMP API to achieve topology discovering system on the development platform of Visual C++, and also analyses the technology of topology analysis and topology graph minutely. Moreover, the thesis assays the technology of basic firewall and Topology Discovery response strategy. Finally, the thesis analyses the underlying blind problem of the topology finding, and also analyses the reason that the blind problem produced and the way that reduced. The distributed algorithm that this paper puts forward has a certain directive significance in wireless network or other fields.

本文首先分析了网络结构状况，将网络从网络管理的角度划分为三个层次，为分布式的方法奠定了基础，同时还指出拓扑发现研究的目的及意义；接着本文分析了SNMP协议，详细分析了SNMP协议的发展状况，协议的工作原理，以及由SNMP协议基础上建立的SNMP网络管理体系，详细分析了MIB，以及MIB在网络管理上的应用方式；本文又分析了ICMP协议，详细描述了ICMP的工作原理和数据报格式，并详细描述了ICMP的两个重要工具-Ping 和TraceRoute；然后本文在结合上述分析的基础上，提出了一种分布式的拓扑发现方案，将拓扑发现拟订在一个自治系统内，将拓扑发现从网络管理角度划分为路由器级和子网级两个层次，分析了两个层次之间的衔接方式，同时从拓扑地域的角度将拓扑发现过程分布化，分析了分布式算法的具体方法和分布式结点之间的数据通讯方法，本文详细分析了基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现技术和基于ARP和ICMP的子网级拓扑发现技术；根据这些分析，本文利用XML数据对象作为分布式算法中的数据对象，分析了XML的技术，本文使用Visual C++开发平台实现网络拓扑发现系统，详细分析了使用WinSNMP API实现基于SNMP的路由器级拓扑发现和基于ARP的子网级拓扑发现，分析了使用Winsock编程实现基于ICMP的子网级拓扑发现，本文还对拓扑分析和拓扑图的绘制技术作了较细致的分析；本文最后还分析了基本防火墙技术，分析了几种类型的防火墙对拓扑发现带来的影响，以及在拓扑发现时的应对策略，本文还分析了拓扑发现中可能产生的盲点问题，分析了盲点产生的原因以及拓扑发现中减少盲点的方法。

For single-attribute range queries in Armada, this thesis designs the single-attribute order-preserving naming algorithm Single_hash to assign adjoining ObjectIDs to objects with close attribute values based on the partition tree model, so that the objects can be published to the same or related peers in the P2P system. Then this thesis proposes the single-attribute range query processing algorithm PIRA, which can match the search paths of range queries to the underlying FissionE topology efficiently based on the forward routing tree to reduce the delay and message cost of range queries.

为实现Armada单属性区间搜索，本文首先提出基于分区树的单属性维序命名算法Single_hash，使得属性值接近的资源对象能够获得相近的标识，以发布到相同或相关的结点上；然后提出基于前向路由树的单属性区间搜索算法PIRA，实现了区间搜索路径与底层FissionE拓扑的高效匹配，以有效降低区间搜索延迟，减少搜索消息开销。

We have to pay enough attention to the underlying danger.

我们必须对潜在的危险引起足够的注意。

"You're right," he says of our theory. There is an underlying theme.

"你们是对的，"他评论我们的观点说，的确有一个潜在的模式。

Therefore, when you deal with your anger, you also need to deal with all the underlying emotions.

因此，当你处理你的愤怒，你还需要处理所有基本的情感。

I am not here to tell you the underlying theory of what DCOM is and how it works.

我不是告诉你什么是DCOM的基本理论，它是如何工作。

Can you understand the underlying meaning of what he said?

你能理解他所说的话的含义吗？

Therefore, we must have the underlying reasons we have not found.

因此，我们必须有我们还没有找到根本原因。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。