查询词典 under load

The fuzzy flow-awareness with the load state information can identify different services congruously in path. And the dynamic priority fairness scheduling algorithm based on fuzzy flow-awareness will adjust the priority of forwarding dynamically between streaming flows and elastic flows by changing the threshold of priority queue. The algorithm emphasizes the fairness of scheduling under the light load and the priority of real-time applications under the heavy load for their delay requirements.

与链路负载状态相关的模糊流感知能够实现路径上的一致性业务区分，而基于模糊流感知的动态优先公平调度算法通过调整优先队列负载门限在流式流和弹性流之间实现转发优先权的动态交替，在链路轻载时实现不同流间的相对公平调度，在链路重载时则强调实时业务的绝对优先权以保证其时延要求。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

The ideal vehicle convoy is built after the uniformly distributed load is used as the equipollent load. With the maximum function of influence line area under the vehicle convoy, the probability of specific vehicle convoy passing influence line alone and the total weight distribution of specific vehicle convoy, the maximum probability distribution of traffic load effect and under return perild are obtained. Finally, this load model is applied to the example.

模型中把均布荷载作为车辆荷载的等代荷载建立了理想车队，在求出车队影响线面积最大值函数、特定车队单独通过影响线的概率和特定车队总重分布的基础上，得出了车辆荷载效应最大值概率分布和给定评估期的车辆荷载效应最大值概率分布，最后将这一荷载模型应用到实例中。

Above all, consider combination of 3 kinds of load and different constant load and alterable load effect to compare an effect, gave out representative ferroconcrete component is in give an environment to fall, the affirmatory principle that the reliability of different operating period analysed methodological; to put forward intended performance structure to design reliability level, namely index of reliability of component part of the construction inside intended performance cannot be under the standard; of active standard on foundation of expression of design of reliability of our country structure introduce wear to fold decrease coefficient, gave out the affirmatory method of this coefficient, assure in design phase through this coefficient and achieve target of reliability of component part of the construction inside intended performance not the standard under active standard.

首先，考虑三种荷载组合以及不同恒荷载和可变荷载效应比影响，给出了代表性钢筋混凝土构件在给定环境下、不同使用期的可靠度分析方法；提出了预期使用期结构设计可靠度水平的确定原则，即预期使用期内结构构件可靠度指标不能低于现行规范的标准；在我国结构可靠度设计表达式基础上引入耐久性折减系数，给出了该系数的确定方法，通过该系数在设计阶段保证和实现预期使用期内结构构件可靠度指标不低于现行规范的标准。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.08-0.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.02-0.05 and 0.2 mm^3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2立方公厘左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Compared with the graphite, the coefficients of friction of the RL-C/C are lower under the same load of about 0.080.12, and the increasing range of the volume losses are still lower than those of the graphite. Compared with the SL pyrocarbon material, the COF and the volume loss of the SL-C/C are about 0.020.05 and 0.2 mm3, lower than those under the same load. The COFs of most RL-C/C and SL-C/C specimens remain stable or decrease slightly with time, while those of the graphite and pyrocarbon specimens increase. The thickness of the integrated friction film of the RL-C/C decreases with load, but the wear surface of the SL-C/C is rough. Tough the wear surface of the graphite is integrated, the serious abrasive wear make the debris move easily and accumulate on the edge of the wear trace to form a restacked morphology. On the wear surface of the pyrocarbon material, some loosed debris, circular worn holes and flake worn out pyrocarbon has been found.

结果表明：PAN炭纤维改善C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损行为；在实验载荷范围内，与高强度石墨材料相比，含RL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.08~0.12；体积磨损量增幅降低；与热解炭试样相比，具有SL炭C/C复合材料的摩擦因数降低0.02~0.05，体积磨损量低0.2 mm3左右；随着时间的延长，大部分C/C复合材料的摩擦因数基本相对稳定或呈小幅下降，而石墨、热解炭块的摩擦因数均呈不同幅度的上升；具有RL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面膜厚度随载荷增加而降低，具有SL炭的C/C复合材料摩擦表面较粗糙；高强石墨能形成较完整致密的摩擦膜，但磨粒磨损严重，磨屑易在摩擦膜边缘形成层状堆积；热解炭块摩擦表面磨屑堆积松散，有较多的孔洞以及热解炭层整体剥落的形貌。

Derives the formulae for calculating the distortion and stress on the acting surface of flexspline load in the drive process of the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator;(2) analyzes and compares the performance of plastic and steel products under light load drive and calculates the probably reached limit of drive ratio for both types of flexsplines under the same load;(3) applies the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator to the small-sized multiple-revolution electric device of valves by taking into consideration of the low limit of the drive ratio for the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator made of plastics, improves the design on the main drive mechanism of the traditional small-sized multiple-revolution electric device of valves, and validates through examples the feasibility for the harmonic gear drive with three-wave wavegenerator made of plastics to be applied to the small-sized multiple-revolution electric device of valves. Finally the author performs calculations on the two types of the flexsplines of the harmonic gear with three-wave wavegenerator by using the finite element method and analyzes the causes for the errors.

本文根据三波谐波齿轮传动的运动变形特点，采用弹性薄壳的力矩理论，推导了三波谐波齿轮传动柔轮载荷作用面上的变形及应力计算公式；分析比较了轻载传动情况下塑料和钢材的性能，计算了塑料制谐波柔轮和钢制谐波柔轮在相同载荷情况下可能达到的传动比极限；对塑料制及钢制三波谐波齿轮柔轮进行了有限元计算，分析了产生误差的原因；针对三波塑料谐波齿轮传动比极限低的特点，将之运用于小转矩多回转阀门电动装置中，对传统的小型多回转阀门电动装置的主传动机构进行了改良设计，并通过实例验证了三波塑料谐波齿轮传动在小转矩多回转阀门电动装置中应用的可行性。

Firstly, based on the Duhamel integral and dynamic reciprocity theorem, the generalized Duhamel integral expression is written to a point in the half infinity space under moving load. Secondly, the train load is considered as a series of centralized loads with fixed distance. The dynamic response expression of a point in frequency domain and frequencywavenumber domain are derived out through the Floquet transform and Fourier transform under a moving load, and then the dynamic response of a point is gotten ...

以Duhamel积分为基础，首先应用动力互等定理，得到了移动荷载作用下，半无限大弹性连续介质空间上任意点的动力响应的广义Duhamel积分表达式；然后将列车荷载简化考虑为一系列具有一定间距的集中荷载，采用Floquet变换、Fourier变换等方法，得到了一个集中移动荷载作用下任意拾振点ξ的动力响应在频域和频率波数域内的表达式，进而由叠加原理得到列车荷载作用下的动力响应解；最后，通过算例说明该算法的适用性。

Company 6-24KV medium voltage products, the main production and distribution of Products as follows: First, the main products: 1, XGN15-12 ò type SF6 Ring Net Cabinet (with FLN36-12 or FLN48-12 load switch) 2, XGN15 - 12 ó Type SF6 Ring Net Cabinet (with ABB-SFG load switch) 3, GN15-12 type SM6 imitation ring counters (with load switch SC6 Schneider) 4, DFFW-10 type outdoor Cable Branch Box (available with SF6 load switch) 5, FLN36-12, FLN48-12-type SF6 load switch and at the top of unit 6, YBP prefabricated Continental me change, KYN28A in the rear-mounted switchgear Second, the main distribution Products: 1, Beijing ABB-SFG-12A / K at the top of unit 2, ABB-SafeRing/SafePlus series inflatable counter 3, Schneider SM6, RM6 Series ring counter 4, ring counter agent ABB PARTS (Fuck electricity to open the current transformer, EKL series fault indicator), Shenzhen Deep Electric Ltd. to create the domestic electricity sector, users, manufacturers solemn commitment to the industry: product shelf-life forê, maintenance-free period of 10 years, under normal use conditions to ensure reliable operation of 20 years, such as product quality have any problem , the company will be sent within 24 hours of treatment and to ensure user satisfaction.

公司以6-24KV中压产品为主，主要生产及经销产品如下：一、主要生产产品：1、XGN15-12Ⅱ型SF6环网柜（配FLN36-12或FLN48-12负荷开关）2、XGN15-12Ⅲ型SF6环网柜（配ABB-SFG负荷开关）3、GN15-12Ⅳ型仿SM6环网柜（配施耐德SC6负荷开关）4、DFFW-10型户外电缆分支箱（可配SF6负荷开关）5、FLN36-12、FLN48-12型SF6负荷开关及顶部单元6、YBP□预装式欧式箱变、KYN28A中置式开关柜二、主要经销产品：1、北京ABB-SFG-12A/K顶部单元2、ABB-SafeRing/SafePlus系列充气柜3、施耐德SM6、RM6系列环网柜4、代理ABB环网柜配件（电操、开启式电流互感器、EKL系列故障指示器）深圳市深创电气有限公司向国内电力部门、用户、同行业厂家郑重承诺：产品保质期为壹年，免维护期为10年，在正常使用条件下保证可靠运行20年，如产品有任何质量问题，公司将于24小时内派员处理并保证用户满意为止。

Such parameters as the percentage of ordinary reinforcment, amounts and configuration of unbonded prestressed tendons, the ratio of span to depth and the loading patterns were considered. Based on the results, the fomula for the eqivalent length of deformation zone on the beams at ultimate were developed. A simple formula was developed for the ultimate mid-span deflection of concrete beams with concept of equivalent length of deformation zone, and the deformation of beam before internal reinforcement yielding was predicted by the traditional formula for the deformation of partically prestressed concrete beam. Then an analytical model was deduced for analyzing the ultimate stress increment in those concrete beams prestressed with external or internal unbonded tendons based on the mid-span deflection.(4) Testes were carried out on a thin-walled concrete box beam presressed with external CFRP tendons to study its short-term performances under uniform load, long-term behaviors under uniform load, and full-time performance under four-point load in turn.

3以体内非预应力钢筋配筋率、体外预应力筋配筋率、体外预应力筋布置形式、预应力度、跨高比、荷载形式等为参数，用非线性分析程序对体预应力筋混凝土梁进行了参数分析，依据分析结果提出了以综合配筋指标和预应力度为参数的等活动房效变形区长度的计算公式，进而提出了基于等效变形区长度的极限挠度计算公式；体内非预应力钢筋屈服前的挠度计算采用常用的部分预应力混凝土梁挠度计算公式；依据试验和非线性数值计算结果，将不同转向块布置形式的体外预应力混凝土梁简化为跨中一个转向块的体外预应力混凝土梁，推导了基于跨中挠度的体外预应力筋应力增量的简化计算公式。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。