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They all have the typical structure of leaf of C4 plant, but out of the ordinary is that the structure of the midrib is alike the parallel veins and there is a layer of fiber cells between the phloem and the bundle-sheath of vein in the midrib and big parallel veins while the outer wall of the bulliform cells is less cuticularized.

摘 要：以7个杂交狗牙根品种的叶片进行解剖研究，结果表明，各品种均具禾本科 C4植物叶片典型结构，其独特处是：中脉结构与平行脉相似；中脉维管束、平行脉大维管束的维管束鞘内侧韧皮部外有一层纤维细胞；泡状细胞外壁很少角化。

Thunberg Fritillary Bulb is one of the most popular Traditional Chinese herbs. Some trials in vivo and animals indicated that Peimine and Peiminine, extracted from Thunbery Fritillary Bulb, have the function of reversing MDR of two different kinds of mechanisms. They can improve the cytotoxic of ADR to cancer cells by 5～10 folds under concentration of 10% cancer cell growth inhibitory rate. Peimine and Peiminine not only feather typical character of modifier of MDR, but also differ from other moldifiers such as Calcium channel blocker, Cyclosporines in chemical structure, they belong to cevine groups alkaloid, a subgroup of C-Nor-D-homosteroid alkaloid.

浙贝母是临床常用中药，体外及动物试验证明，浙贝母中的有效活性成分贝母甲素和贝母乙素具有逆转肿瘤细胞MDR的作用，而且能逆转两种不同机制的多药耐药肿瘤细胞的耐药性，在无明显细胞毒剂量下，可使阿霉素对耐药肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性提高5-10倍，不但具备明确的多药耐药逆转剂的特征，而且在化学结构上属异甾类生物碱中的瑟文类生物碱，完全不同于钙离子拮抗剂、免疫抑制剂和其它现有的耐药逆转剂，具有作用靶点宽、化学结构独特的特点。

Under a fixed model of chromospheric flare, we investigate the influences of Hα and CaIIK line profilles on various velocity distributions from semiempirical view. The results show that: Hα line is very sensitive to the velocity in upper chromosphere; the profile of CaIIK line have responses to velocity in any layer of chromosphere, but the degree of CaIIK line asymmetry is much weaker than that of Hα and can be ignored if velocity is as small as 10km/s; chromospheric condensation in lower part of transition region have strong influence on Hα line but contrary to CaIIK line, the typical characteristic of H line effected by chromospheric condensation in transition region is reversed blue asymmetry, i.e. the intensity of blue peak is stronger than that of red peak; the stronger the chromosphoric condensation is, the more obvious the Hα line asymmetry appears; and so on.

在确定的大气模型下，从半经验角度系统地研究了大气各个层次的速度场和运动结构对Hα和CaⅡK谱线轮廓的影响，得到；Hα线对色球上部速度场敏感，而对色球下部和温度极小区附近速度场不敏感；CaⅡK对整个色球速度场均有反应，但不对称性较Hα弱，且速度小于10km/s时不对称性很不明显；CaⅡK受过渡区色球凝聚的影响较弱，而Hα对色球凝聚十分敏感；色球凝聚影响Hα轮廓的典型特征是呈反转结构的兰不对称性，即兰峰强于红峰；色球凝聚越强，Hα不对称性也越显著：等。

Through the discussion of the study history of memory, the research problems and the significance of this study were brought forward, the concept of memory was clarified, the latest research of brain science was reviewed; On this basis, memory types and its measurement, memory process and its rules were studied documentarily and generalized systematically; This research analysed emphatically and concluded general and special methods of memory, the functions, usage means and applied scopes of many kinds of scientific memory methods were explored deeply with some typical psychology experimental results; Then affects of objective factors included external environment and material characteristics, subjective factors such as purpose, attention, emotion, knowledge, confidence and so on , were examined deeply; At last, it studied and analysed the cultivation and training of memory, practical usage of scientific memory methods, and put forward educational suggestions and training measures.

首先从记忆的研究历史切入本研究的问题背景与研究意义，阐明了记忆的概念、综述了记忆脑科学方面的最新进展；在此基础上，对记忆的分类与测量、基本过程与规律进行了文献研究与系统概括；着重分析并归结出了记忆的一般方法与特殊方法，结合代表性的心理学实验成果深入分析了各种科学记忆方法的功用、具体操作方法及应用范围；深入剖析了外部情境、材料特征等客观因素及目的、注意、情绪、知识、信心等主观因素对记忆的影响；最后在先前诸研究的基础上，对记忆的培养与训练及记忆术的实际应用加以分析和研究，提出了记忆培养训练的具体措施与教育建议，并实例说明了记忆术的具体应用。

In the first chapter, the author studied the traditional decorative patterns of plants and analyzed unique aesthetic tendency of the Indian nation in the field of decoration as well as its different embodiment in Buddhism and Hinduism through the typical relics of decorative patterns of plants in Buddhism left in all different parts of Gandhara, Mathura, Amaravati of different period in ancient India, such as the Phoenician Dynasty, Kushan Dynasty, Sunda kingdom Galerkin, Gupta period and so on, which is the exotic origin of decorative patterns of plants in Buddhism in Tang Dynasty.

本文第一章借助遗留在犍陀罗、马土腊、阿马拉瓦蒂各个不同地区的孔雀王朝、贵霜王朝、巽伽王朝、笈多王朝等各个时期佛教植物装饰纹样的典型遗物，探讨了古代印度传统的佛教植物装饰纹样，并分析了印度民族在装饰领域的独特审美倾向及其在佛教和印度教中的不同体现。

Taking for example the salt rhythms of the Qianjiang Formation in the Qianjiang Sag of the Jianghan Basin (which is a typical Paleogene saline lacustrine basin in eastern China), through a detailed study on cores, the authors have determined for the first time the Ⅳ-order salt rhythm based on Ⅰ-,Ⅱ-and Ⅲ-order salt rhythms which were determined previously and got to know that the sedimentary process following the sequence of desalinizing→salinizing and crystallization of salt minerals from halite rock→(mud-bearing) glauberite rock→dolomite-bearing mudstone (mud-bearing doloston)→mudstone→doloston→glauberite rock→halite rock. The authors also analyzed the Ⅳ-order salt rhythm and the correspondence between its sedimentary records and the fluctuation of the palaeosalinity of waters and the short-scale (0.05~1.0 ka duration) change of dry-moist palaeoclimate.

本文以我国东部独具特色的古近纪古盐湖盆地－江汉盆地的潜江凹陷潜江组盐韵律为例，通过对王平1、王云10-6、王80-2等3口井连续取心段的精细研究，在前人划分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级盐韵律的基础上，首次划分出组成含盐层系基础韵律单元－Ⅳ级盐韵律，弄清了它的沉积过程基本遵循从石盐岩→钙芒硝岩→含白云石泥岩→泥岩→白云岩→钙芒硝岩→石盐岩的淡化－咸化序列和盐类矿物的析出顺序；解析了Ⅳ级盐韵律及其沉积组合记录与水体古盐度波动和短尺度(0.05~1.0 ka)古气候干湿变化之间的对应关系。

Testing for"K"、diffusivity"D"of wetland soil transmissivity and simulation of hydrologic processes of typical wetlands are made based on the indoor dynamic modeling experiment and the mathematic model simulations. The hydrologic response of river distinguish form that of the wetlands. And this is because that wetland has special hydrologic functions. The hydroperiod of wetlands is coincident with the precipitation period of watershed.

通过室内动态模拟实验测定了不同断面沼泽土壤的导水率K和扩散率D，水文数学模型RMA2模型和GIS相结合模拟了典型沼泽湿地的水文过程，河流和沼泽湿地的水文响向应具有明显的差异性，这是沼泽湿地水系统具有特殊水文功能的基础，沼泽的水文周期与流域降水周期是一致的。

The whole Party pitching in and taking charge of this work.(9) setting typical examples for people to follow them. In chapter 4, the author suggests that ideological and political work is our Party"s "lifeline" and "central link, which must be carried forward and brought forth new ideas. According to such new situations and cases as the diversity of social life, the globalization of economy and information, the new struggle situation in the ideological sphere and so on. ideological and political work needs new ideas, and the work must adhere to the major principles as follows:(1) To correctly deal with the relationship of strengthening and improvement succession and innovation as well as creatively carrying out work based on strengthening and carrying forward.(2) To respect the mass initial creation spirit, further consolidate the consciousness of practice and unceasingly sum up and spread the new experiences of ideological and political work.(3) To adhere to realities, master the law and intensify the aim.(4) To make use of modem scientific technology and results of social science.(5) Under the premise of insisting on the above principles, to forcefully bring forth new ideas into ideologic

在第四章中，笔者提出思想政治工作是我党的&生命线&和&中心环节&，必须继承和发扬这一优良传统；新的形势和新的情况，如社会生活的多样性、经济和信息的全球化、思想领域斗争的新形势等，要求思想政治工作必须创新；思想政治工作创新必须坚持以下主要原则：必须正确处理好加强和改进、继承与创新的关系，在加强和继承的基础上创造性地开展工作；必须充分尊重群众的首创精神，进一步强化实践意识，不断总结推广思想政治工作的新经验；必须贴近现实、把握规一津、增强针对性：必须应用现代科学技术和社会科学的发展成果；在坚持以上原则的前提下，新时期思想政治工作必须在观念和思路、内容和载体、方法和手段以及制度方面予以重大创新。

DGGE was used to study 16S rRNA (V3 region) of soil microbial community, the result shows that the structure of soil microbial community changed a lot, when the degeneration of grassland is progressing, especially the structure of soil microbial community in surface lamina; The structure of soil microbial community in podzolic horizon of hypo-surface lamina of the grassland degenerated heavily, is similar to soil microbial community in illuvial horizon of the typical grassland and the grassland degenerated lightly.

重度退化草原亚表层的灰化层细菌群落结构类似于典型草原和轻度退化草原的淀积层的细菌群落结构。

In the farm ecosystem of typical small basin, the ecological effects of complex inlaying structure of rice field and dry land were studied, the recycle and reuse of nutrients inside of system and the control of contaminants discharge of farmland eco-system were achieved through the re-distribution of nutrients.

对小流域农田生态系统开展了水旱田复合生态单元结构镶嵌的生态效应研究，有效地利用了物流通道的物质分配功能，实现了系统内部的物质循环与利用，控制了农田生态系统的污染物外排。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐