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This thesis mainly focused on the sidearm effects in catalytic Wittig-type olefination and catalytic asymmetric 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitrones and alkylidene malonates.

本文主要研究了催化的叶立德烯基化反应及催化的不对称1，3偶极加成反应中的边臂效应。在论文的第一部分，我们设计、合成了聚乙二醇负载的烷基碲化合物33(Bu-Te-PEG-Te-Bu)。

Recently oregonin (1), a diarylheptanoid, was reported to have activity against COX-2. Our previous studies found that Alnus formosana also contain such type of compounds.

先前有研究指出diarylheptanoid类的化合物oregonin (1)具有抑制COX-2的活性，而本实验室也发现桦木科植物赤杨中具有这类的化合物。

The structures of these two molecules are almost the same with slight differences in bond lengths and bond angles. And compounds 1-3 are the first examples of this type containing amido and ethoxide groups.

而且到目前为止，Sn4O4的梯子状结构中同时含有氨基和乙氧基的化合物还未见报道，化合物1，2和3为首次合成此类化合物。

When axial diameter is 70mm its rotate speed can be amounted to 18, 000rpm, speed is 1.3 times original, lubricate at using oil gas before applicably the high speed domain of type bearing.

在轴径为70mm时其转速可达18，000rpm，速度是原来的1.3倍，可适用于以往使用油气润滑式轴承的高速领域。

METHODS AND RESULTS: Using both primary peritoneal macrophages and studies in advanced atheromata in vivo, we introduce signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) as a critical and necessary component of endoplasmic reticulum stress/type A scavenger receptor-induced macrophage apoptosis.

方法和结果：通过使用原代腹膜巨噬细胞研究在体脂质斑块，我们引入信号转导子和转录激活子-1(STAT1)，作为内质网应激/A型清道夫受体诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡中关键和必要组分。

The 134 genera of vascular plants had 14 areal-types, including 42 cosmopolitans 55 temperate types 30 tropic types 2 Mediterranean-types, 2 East Asia types and 1 endemic species. The cosmopolitan and temperate type accounted for 31.34% and 41.04% of all the genera, respectively revealing the azonal feature of the wetland vegetations and the influences of cold and wet climate on the formation and distribution of the vegetations.

维管束植物属有14个地理分布区类型，包括世界分布属42属、温带分布属55属、热带分布属30属、古地中海属2属、东亚分布属4属、中国特有分布属1属，其中世界分布属和温带分布属分别占区系维管束植物总属数的比例较高，分别为31.34%和41.04%反映了湿地植被的隐域性和冷湿气候对湿地植被发育、分布的影响。

As to Balilla erect panicle type,(the same subject for the following 11-16), the curvature of panicle neck had a very significantly positive correlation with panicle length, neck panicle length, neck panicle internode length, the secondary internode length, leaf length and leaf sheath length, and had an opposite correlation with leaf width and density of seed setting.

来自吉林的直立穗型品系Z1和来自黑龙江的直立穗型品种龙交91060—2与巴利拉型直立穗型品种的直立穗其因分属于3个不同的位点，各自位于3对同源染色体上，彼此遵循基因的自由重组和独立分配规律。Z1由1对显性主效核基因控制，龙交91061—2由1对隐性主效核基因控制。3个直立穗型基因位点可能具有累加效应，直立穗型效应位点越多，则颈穗弯曲度越小，穗的直立性越强。

At a glance of the molecular mechanism, one gene encoding 218 amino acids was identified from cDNA-AFLP differential study and then named as Ipomoea batatas MADS-box 1 gene (IbMADS1) based on earlier studies. From sequence alignment and phylogenic analysis, IbMADS1 exhibited a typical type II-MIKC structure, including two conserve domains, MADS-box and K-box.

本论文针对从甘薯块根筛选出的MADS-box基因，IbMADS1（Ipomoea batatas MADS-box gene 1）进行分析，分别探讨该基因在甘薯各部位的表现方式、受植物荷尔蒙调节的影响，以及甘薯属中野生亲缘种间的基因表现歧异性，再进一步从转殖植物的外表形态了解此基因可能的生理功能。

To study the similarities and differences between male sterility induced by physiology and heredity, different male-sterile materials induced by heredity [S-type male-sterile line ms2611, ms1376] and physiology (induced by high temperature and chemical hybridizing agents SQ-1), Xinong 1376 and Xinong 2611 were used as materials, and their spikes at mononucleated prophase stage, anther and flag leaf at mononucleated anaphase stage, binucleated stage and trinucleated stage were used to conduct protein analysis.

为了研究小麦遗传型和生理型雄性不育在生化机制上的异同，以遗传型［S型不育系ms2611和ms1376］和生理型雄性不育小麦西农2611和西农1376（高温诱导和化学杀雄剂SQ-1诱导的雄性不育）为材料，分别取其小孢子处于单核早期的幼穗，单核后期、二核期、三核期的花药及旗叶进行了可溶性蛋白质的比较研究。

Fig.1 Female ,17-year-old , cannulated screws internal fixation for the treatment of humeral capitellar fractures of type Bryan and Morrey

图1女，17岁，Bryan和Morrey分型I型术前，空心钉内固定术后X线片

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。