查询词典 two-pipe system

After investigating the evolving of tax systems in the world and the rising of income tax in developed countries, the author suggested the way to optimizing Chinese tax revenue structure is to set up a two-main-body tax system with turnover tax and income tax. The conceived outline is to augment the incom e taxation, to adjust the comparative proportion between turnover tax and income tax, and hence to change the distorted tax system and set up a two-main-body one, in which turnover tax and income tax can function congenially and complementally.

在分析成因、指出弊端和改革必要性后，本文通过对税制演变的规律总结和发达国家所得税上升为主体税种的过程考察，提出优化我国税种收入结构的方向是建立双主体税种结构，总体思路是在稳定流转税收入的情况下，增加所得税的规模及在税收收入中的比重，以动态的方式改善商品流转税和所得税的相对比例，改变我国税种收入结构失衡、税制功能扭曲的现状，构建一个流转税和所得税结构协调、功能互补的双主体税种结构。

The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

Two kinds of position technologies such as GPS and dead reckoning system are discussed, The hardware frame of vehicle position system based on two position technologies is proposed.

讨论了GPS和航位推算系统两种定位技术，给出了基于这两种定位技术的车辆定位系统的硬件构成。

To accelerate the widespread of Synchronous Chip Seal and improve the operation quality of Synchronous Chipsealer, key techniques which influence the operation quality is studied detailedly, including the control of distributing quality, the dynamics characteristics of hydraulic system and the spray characteristics of asphalt nozzle of Synchronous Chipsealer.1 The factors which influence Synchronous Chip Seal quality are studied. Fiducial probability of simultaneous distribution density is advised to be used in evaluating the distribution bias and standard deviation of asphalt and aggregates simultaneously, which is more advanced than the single index evaluation method used before.2 The volume efficiency formula of asphalt pump is revised after analyzing the data of volume efficiency with mathematical statistics, which is helpful to match the asphalt spray system and control the flow out of asphalt pump accurately. With equation deduction and experiment, dynamic of hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is studied, which lay the theory foundation on improving the stability and efficiency from design and controlling.4 Simulation on hydraulic system used in Synchronous Chipsealer is done with AMESim; the results indicate that multi-circle parallel connected hydraulic system with constant pressure power is better than that with load-sensing pressure power at present, because the latter will oscillate when the multi circles work at the same time. This conclusion has been proved during the debug of Synchronous Chipsealer.5 Asphalt nozzle characteristics, such as flat jet shape, flow distribution, are studied with experiment, the results indicate that cross quality of asphalt distributing is not increased linearly follow the increase of fan overlap level, the best point usually exists between two whole overlap level, asphalt distributing quality is better than±4% at the 2.5 overlap level, meets the superior specified in standard; The distribution quality of Synchronous Chipsealer can be increased by spray asphalt of different flow rang with nozzle of different diameter

为了加快同步碎石封层技术的推广，提高同步碎石封层设备的作业质量，本文对同步碎石封层设备作业质量的影响因素与控制方法、液压系统的动力学特性和沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性等关键技术进行了深入细致的研究：1研究了影响同步碎石封层作业质量的因素，提出了采用联合密度分布置信概率对同步碎石封层中沥青洒布量和碎石撒布量的系统偏差和标准差指标进行综合评价的方法，克服了传统评价方法只能对单一指标进行评价的缺陷；2采用数理统计的方法，研究了沥青泵的容积效率特性，修正了沥青泵容积效率公式，为沥青喷洒系统的匹配和沥青泵出口流量的精确控制提供了依据；采用数理方程推导与试验相结合的方法，研究了同步碎石封层设备液压系统的动力学特性，为从设计和控制的角度提高同步碎石封层设备液压系统的稳定性和效率奠定了理论基础；3运用AMESim软件对采用负载敏感控制和恒压控制的两种同步碎石封层设备液压系统进行仿真，结果表明：负载敏感控制的并联液压系统在多回路同时工作时，由于液压泵排量控制参考压力不稳定，容易引发液压系统振荡，恒压控制的并联液压系统是目前技术条件下比较理想的同步碎石封层设备工作装置驱动方案；该结论亦通过同步碎石封层设备装机试验得到了验证。4采用试验的方法对沥青喷嘴的喷洒特性进行了研究，结果表明：沥青洒布的横向精度并不是随着喷洒扇面重叠度的增加线性增加，其最高点通常出现在二个重叠度之间的"半重叠位置"，"2.5重叠"洒布时，沥青的横向洒布精度≤±4%，可以达到国家相关标准中的优级标准；同步碎石封层设备还可以根据不同洒布量情况下的流量需求，采用不同通径的喷嘴进行喷洒，提高沥青洒布精度。

In system of sth resembling a net of converse content drift net, the design arrangement that reclaims to central optional location locates and carry method is two serious research problems, before research is this two problems consider alone, cause a system to join to be perfected not quite.

在逆向物流网络系统中，回收中心的选址定位和运输路径的设计安排是两个重要的研究问题，以往的研究都是将这两个问题单独考虑，致使系统衔接不够完善。

With the monarch are two sets of relay system, many in the field are two sets of relay system, into the life of a new era!

10，君主与政府是两套接力体系，很多领域都是两套接力体系，生活步入了新纪元！

It was the first time the sequence stratigraphy study had been done all across Naimanqi Depression. Jiufotang Formation of Naimanqi Depression was divided into two third-class sequences (SQ1 and SQ2) and five system tracts (SQ1 has LST, TST and HST; SQ2 has TST and HST), and in High System Tract of SQ2, two fourth-class sequences were defined (Ssq1 and Ssq2).2. According to the analysis of core and logging data, we considered that it is the delta fan facies and established the electrofacies model.3. The distribution of reservoir sand bodies had been predicted in the areas without well data by combining the methods of sequence stratigraphy and reservoir inversion. In addition, we summarized the method and process of combining geology and geophysics to predict reservoirs and we made a good prediction by applying it.4. Combining with sequence and depositional types, sandstone thicknesses and reservoir properties, based on Petrel Software platform, we used fuzzy mathematics to comprehensively evaluate reservoirs and define favorable areas. We classified the reservoirs in Naimanqi Depression into five types (TypeⅠ, TypeⅡ, TypeⅢ, TypeⅣand TypeⅤ) and pointed out four favorable areas: Block Nai 1, Block of western Naican 1-Zhangjia Depression, Block Nai 6 and Block of Xinfa-Zhangjia Depression.

其主要创新点如下：1、首次在整个奈曼旗凹陷范围内进行了层序地层学的研究，将奈曼旗凹陷九佛堂组地层分为2个三级层序(SQ1和SQ2)和5个体系域(SQ1由LST、TST和HST组成，SQ2由TST和HST组成)，并在SQ2的高位体系域中又识别出两个四级层序(Ssq1和Ssq2)。2、根据岩芯分析和测井资料识别，定义了研究区扇三角洲沉积相类型，并建立了测井相模板。3、通过层序地层学的研究，结合储层反演，对奈曼旗凹陷层序格架内没有井的区域进行了储层砂体的空间展布预测，并总结了地质-地球物理综合储层预测的方法与思路流程，在应用中取得了良好的预测效果。4、结合层序、沉积类型、砂岩厚度和储层物性等方面，以Petrel软件为基础平台，利用模糊数学的方法进行储层综合评价及有利区划分，将奈曼旗凹陷储层划分为五个级别(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类)，并预测了四个有利区块，分别为：奈1区块、奈参1西-张家洼子区块、奈6区块和新发-张家洼子区块

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The results are listed as follows:(1) In peneplain with plenty water-resource, hexagonal spatial structure of urban system can be formed. Due to differential competed function of central places, the hexagonal system is distorted. The result is that the area covered is decr eased and the girth is unchanged——but every border is usually unequal;(2) A pattern of pentagonal system evolves from hexagonal system controlled by a river;(3) A pattern of quadrilateral develops from hexagonal system under two parallel rivers;(4) The equal distance distribution of central places in narrow geographic space has its special reasons. The results are very important for understanding urban's formation and development and urban plan in Huang-Huai-Hai plain.

本文通过自然地理因素中水文、地形这两个重要要素对城镇体系空间结构形成的影响，分析了华北平原区在不同要素影响下的城镇体系空间结构样式：①在水源充足的准"均质"河北冲积平原上，基本满足六边形形成条件，但由于周边中心地发展竞争力不同，故使得正六边形发生畸变——覆盖面积减小而周长却保持不变；②构建了在一条河流影响下的六边形网络结构朝五边形网络演变的模型；③构建了在平行状河流作用下六边形网络向四边形网络演替的模式；④指出了在水源充足的狭长地理空间，城镇体系空间结构发育成等间距的现象与原因。

Currently, there are mainly two types of financial systems, which are Bank-Oriented System and Market-Oriented System, They collocate resource and promote economy-growth through each relatively-advantage function, and Interweavement and Inter-assimilating Phenomena take place in the developing course of the above two types of financial systems.

当前，主要存在着银行主导型和市场主导型两种金融体系，它们发挥着各自的比较优势功能来进行资源配置和促进经济增长，并且两种金融体系发展中呈现出相互交织与吸收的景象。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。