查询词典 turbulent flow

The structure of this article is as follows: Firstly, the background of this article is stated in exordia and the question was raised; chapter one stated cash flow management theory and transnational corporations' cash flow management characters; chapter two introduced general cash flow management technical and method; chapter three analysis cash flow management situation of Chinese transnational corporations; chapter four take VW as an example to expatiate company situation and the impact to cash flow management by the organization of the company, the goal of cash flow management and financing strategy, then introduce the cash flow forecast module, at last analysis the experience and disadvantage of VW's cash flow management; Chapter five give some suggestions to Chinese local transnational corporations for cash flow management including: using proper cash flow management technical and establish scientific process, ect.; the last part is the conclusion This article took VW's cash flow management as an example to descried transnational corporation cash flow management theory and practical issues, but some techniques can only be used in some country where can exchange currency freely; it can not be practical in some foreign exchange administration countries including China, such kind of cash flow module still under discussion based on theory.

本文结构如下：首先在绪言部分简述了选题背景，提出了问题；之后，第一章陈述了现金流管理理论和跨国公司现金流管理的特点；第二章评述了国际常见的现金流管理技术和方法；第三章分析了中国跨国公司的现金流管理现状；第四章详细阐述了VW公司现金流管理的实例，包括公司的发展及组织架构设置对现金流管理的影响，公司现金流管理的目标、筹资策略等，重点介绍了VW公司的现金流预测模型，最后分析了VW公司现金流管理的经验和不足；第五章详细阐述了对中国跨国公司现金流管理的建议，包括应用适合的现金流管理技术及建立科学的现金流管理流程等；最后在结论部分对该文做了总结。

This thesis deals with oil-water flow rate measurement using a venturi and develops a differential pressure-based two-phase flow rate measurement model, which does a terrific job with the use of a water fraction device. Meanwhile, Coriolis flow rate meter is also studied in the oil-water two-phase flow measurement and a SVM-based single-phase flow rate prediction method is proposed, realizing the prediction of single-phase flow rates. To overcome the disadvantages of both venturi and Coriolis flow meters, a double parameter measurement method is put forward, which combines the two meters and solves the problem of oil-water flow rate measurement. Last but not least, on the basis of the study of two-phase flow, a device for the separation of gas and liquid is designed and realizes the flow rate measurement of three-phase flow as oil, gas and water.

本文对文丘里管测量油水两相流流量进行了研究，建立了基于差压法的两相流流量测量模型，如果与含水率计相结合，可以较好的实现油水两相流的流量测量；同时研究了Coriolis流量计在油水两相流流量测量中的应用，提出了基于SVM的油水两相流分相流量预测方法，实现了油水分相质量流量的预测；针对文丘里管和Coriolis测量油水两相流存在的问题，提出了文丘里管和Coriolis流量计相结合的双参数测量方法，并实现了油水两相流的流量测量；最后，在对油水两相流研究的基础上，设计完成了一种气液分离装置，实现了油气水三相流的流量测量。

Main creative points of the thesis are as following:1. It is the first time to apply 2-D and 3-D turbulent model of the air-water two phases flow to the study on hydraulic properties of groyne. It makes description of the turbulent flow field to be possible precisely. This offers a more accurate method to determine the water surface in channel improvement.2. Based on the results of experiment and simulation for 3-D turbulent model of air-water two phases flow, a new formula to compute the height of damming is built.3. Based on the 2-D mode and the formula to compute the height of damming, the subdivision method of 2-D computation for water surface at upstream and downstream.

本文的创新工作主要是：首次将三维水气两相流紊流数学模型应用于丁坝水动力学特性研究，使丁坝附近流场和紊动场的精细描述成为可能，为航道整治中水面线确定提供了一个更为准确的方法；(2)基于水槽实验和三维水气两相流紊流数学模型数值模拟结果，建立了新的丁坝前奎水高度计算公式；(3)基于上述奎水高度计算公式和本文二维水面计算数学模型，首次提出了丁坝上下游二维水面分段计算方法。

In this paper the importation of translations that the value orientation of personnel, organization and personnel employment orientation towards the mobile space changes focusing on concepts, organizations, systems, cultural, and social aspects of China's human impact on the flow of major issues, from the political, economic, cultural, market, environment etc., the promotion and protection of the rational flow of talents to deal with comments and suggestions, as follows: In politics, setting up the political sense of talent with the progress of time spirit, implementing roundly the strategy to strengthen nation by relying on talent, establishing quickly the system to manage talent and reforming the system of personnel; In economy,talent flow corresponding with economic construction, assorting talent's structure with economic structure, paying attention to the economic benefit from talent flow, quickening to construct the social welfare system of talent, founding the flexible system of employment and reducing the cost of talent flow; In culture, stressing on the functions of culture for talent flow, cultural model corresponding with the model of talent flow, sparking plug the excellent culture to facilitate talent flow and erecting the cultural system to motivate talent flow; In marketing, unifying the thinking to developing talent market, enhancing the construction of talent market and fastening the growth of service agency for talent; In surroundings, grasping the elements of talent surroundings, optimizing the circumstance of talent flow and building the condition to look after the security of talents.

本文指出了人才价值取向、组织用人取向和人才流动空间走向的变化，着重从观念、组织、制度、文化、社会等方面具体分析了影响我国人才流动的主要问题，从政治、经济、文化、市场、环境等方面研究，提出了促进和保障人才合理流动的意见和建议，包括：树立与时俱进的人才政治理念，全面实施人才强国战略，加快构建人才领导体制，改革创新人事制度等政治对策；人才流动与经济建设对应，人才结构与经济结构协调，讲求人才流动的经济效益，加快人才社会保障体系建设，建立灵活的就业体制，降低人才流动的经济成本等经济对策；注重文化功能对人才流动的作用，倡导促进人才流动的优秀文化，构建激励人才流动的文化机制等文化对策；统一人才市场发展思路，突出人才市场建设重点，加快人才服务业的成长等市场对策；优化人才流动环境，构建人才安全环境等环境对策。

The results show that the gas flow is represented as laminar flow in flat nozzle contour and turbulent flow in scraggling nozzle contour; The development of turbulent flow is good for the control effect of super-sound velocity gas flow and the dielectric strength recovery properties.

光滑喷口壁面吹弧气体的流动表现为层流；凸凹不平的喷口壁面吹弧气体的流动表现为湍流；对存在有湍流的不同喷口，湍流发展得越充分，越有利于控制超音速流的发展，从而有利于提高介质强度恢复速度。

In the future, some issues need to be investigated further, which include: establish and study the low-dimensional dynamical system of turbulent jet, with the POD bases, the control of turbulent jet based on the low-dimensional dynamical system of turbulent jet, investigate the physics mechanism of intermittence shed-off of the vortex ring in turbulent jets in crossflow.

有待进一步研究的问题是：建立基于POD模的湍流射流低维动力系统，并对其进行分析；研究基于湍流射流低维动力系统的湍流射流控制；探讨湍流横向射流中涡环间歇脱落的物理机制。

Firstly, the two parts are solved separately, and the results are then coupled together. Because the thickness of the combustion reaction zone at high Re and Da numbers is less than the turbulent diffusion scale in diesel engines, the flame is extremely thin, its micro-structure keeps the laminar structure, so the turbulent flame can be regard as the ensemble of locally one dimensional, thin laminar flamelet embedded within the turbulent flow field.

由于柴油机中在高雷诺数和高Damkoeler数的情况下，燃烧反应区厚度小于湍流耗散尺度，火焰极薄，其微元保持层流结构，因此，湍流火焰可视为嵌入湍流流场内局部具有一维结构的薄的层流小火焰的系综，这便构成了层流小火焰模型主导思想，同时也使层流小火焰模型模拟柴油机湍流燃烧过程成为可能。

Three turbulent models used recently have been analyzed. On the basis of turbulent random theory, the k-εtwo equations turbulent model has been modified by nonisotropic hypothesis, to accommodate the nonisotropic property of flow field.

重新推导了雷诺应力表达式，将湍动粘性系数用一个二阶张量形式表示，以适应流场的各向异性性质，并对ε输运方程的生成项做了修正。

In order to reduce the skin friction efficiently,more research works should be done on the characteristics of turbulent boundary layer,turbulent coherent structures and the mechanism of turbulent drag reduction for flow over riblets surfaces.

为更有效地减少表面摩阻，必须深入开展对沟槽面湍流边界层特性、湍流拟序结构及湍流减阻机理等方面的研究。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

He added that the US objects to other Israeli practices in Jerusalem, including what he called a continuing pattern of evictions and demolitions of Palestinian homes.

他补充说，美国同时也反对以色列在耶路撒冷的其他行动，包括他所说的持续的驱逐行为和对巴勒斯坦家园的毁坏。

At the end of this paper,some further ideas and assumes to nextresearch are put forward.

在文章的结尾提出了下一步研究的思路和设想。