triple-crown

Formosana saplings in the cypress stand, the 45-yr-old natural regenerated cypress stand in chi lan-shan area northeastern Taiwan was selected as the research site. The study focuses on the variation of crown morphology and structure pattern of different crown class trees to explore the ability of growth adaptation.

本研究以栖兰山地区天然更新已届45年之扁柏林分，就其林分中不同冠级之台湾扁柏林木为研究对象，测量分析其树冠形态及结构，探讨林分内不同大小的林木生长调适能力。

Comparing with traditional cultivation system (two seasons planting cucumber with fallowing in summer), planting leafy vegetable anti garlic in summer increased the yields of the two crops anti the soil microbial biomass carbon content, total microbial population, and sucrase activity, decreased the amounts of soil nematode and root-knot nematode, and maintained a relative high Shannon-Weaver index. Planting crown daisy, garlic, and spinach in summer increased soil sucrase activity by 8.9%, 89.5%, and 36.9%, and the planting of crown daisy and garlic also increased the Shannon-Weaver index by 7.7% and 9.4%, respectively.

结果表明：夏茬休闲期种植速生叶菜和青蒜增加了土壤微生物量碳含量、微生物总量和蔗糖酶活性，维持了较高的Shannon-Weaver指数，减少了线虫和根结线虫的数量，增加了各茬作物产量，夏茬种植茼蒿、菠菜、青蒜后土壤蔗糖酶活性分别增加了8.9%、36.9%和89.5%，夏茬种植茼蒿和青蒜后Shannon-Weaver指数分别提高了7.7%和9.4%。

The crown surface area was decreased with stand density and the relationship between crown volume and stand density was not significant.

林分树冠表面积和树冠体积预估模型的检验结果表明，两个模型的平均相对误差都在 8％之内，预估精度均大于91％，说明所建模型可以很好地预估樟子松人工林不同林分条件下的林木树冠表面积和树冠体积。

The soil and water losses are very light and its difference is not notable in woodland of different tillage mode of economic forest, relatively the soil and water losses is lighter hi protecting slope model than in clearing model in low crown density benching economic forest such as Chinese chestnut, but the soil and water losses is lighter in clearing model than in protecting slope in high crown density benching economic forest such as bayberry.

不同耕作模式成年经济林地水土流失情况都较轻微，差异性不显著。相对而言郁闭度小的经济林如板栗林地台地护梯方式要比台地清耕方式好，郁闭度大的经济林如杨梅林地台地清耕方式要比台地护梯方式好。

A forest fire that advances with great speed jumping from crown to crown ahead of the ground fire.

一种森林火灾，从树冠到树冠常常高速蔓延超过地面火。

Firstly, taking crown fire as the typical object, we studied the thermal radiationeffect of crown fire to the construction and built the WUI fire behave model.

首先，以典型树冠火为对象，研究典型树冠火对建筑的热辐射影响，从而建立城镇森林交界域典型的火行为模型。

Through experimental study of typical crown fire using pine tree, we first measuredits heat release rate and the inter-space thermal radiation variation of crown fire ofsingle pine tree and compared the experimental data with the model prediction,validating the rationality of the thermal radiation model of single tree.

通过对典型树冠火热辐射的实验研究，以雪松为实验树，测量了实验树的热释放速率、由单颗雪松产生的树冠火的空间热辐射随时间的变化，并将测量值与利用单树热辐射模型计算出的理论值进行了对比分析，验证了单树热辐射模型的合理性；然后测量了由多个雪松同时燃烧产生的空间热辐射随时间的变化，并将测量值与利用多树热辐射模型计算出的理论值进行了对比分析，验证了多树热辐射模型的合理性。

Surface fire line intensity was 144~6 595 kWm^(-1), and crown fireline intensity was 3 214~189 002 kWm^(-1). Flame height of surface fire was 0.37~2.50m, and flame height of crown fire was 1.75~13.4 m. All above quantitative data were crucial in fuel management and fire safety issues.

通过对可燃物和火行为指标的计算，可以为防火林带规划和防火林管理提供依据，也可为可燃物管理、扑火安全防范等提供借鉴。

If the procedure is the crown of law, then justified procedure is the bright pearl of the crown.

本文认为，公共利益的实现过程要遵守三项基本原则：一是正当程序原则。

gap by law easy to use, easy to grasp, apply to the relatively high crown boneless resistance, resistance to a small adjacent teeth, the roots for the integration of the root or the root bifurcation cases, such as low lower the removal of impacted wisdom teeth; split crown law Requirements, flexibility in operation, more suitable for medium and low impacted significantly ditch and development, the root fork or a higher resistance to a larger adjacent teeth, and other cases, the lower-third-molar extraction.

结论增隙法操作方便、易于掌握，比较适用于高位、冠部无骨阻力、邻牙阻力小、根部为融合根或根分叉很低等情况下下颌阻生智齿的拔除；劈冠法要求条件高、操作灵活，比较适用于中、低位阻生且发育沟明显、根分叉较高或邻牙阻力较大等情况下下颌阻生智齿的拔除。

No complex distressful things on your mind but only our love and care for each other.

无复杂痛苦的事情，对你的心，但只有我们的爱和照顾对方。

At first light, on his own initiative, Vick located the enemy emplacements andfired on them, using 15 rounds.

破晓时分，维克主动地去查找敌军的炮位并向它们开火，打了15发弹药。