查询词典 transition state theory

The paper presents a classification of six typical traffic states based on real-detected data and traffic flow model,and then an introduction of the definition and identification method of "state transition" to explain congestion mechanism.A comparison is conducted between "State transition" and B S Kerner's "phase transition",and an analysis is made of its characteristics at different sections and in different hours.

基于实测数据和交通流模型，划分了六种典型交通状态，提出了"状态跳转"的概念及判别方法以解释拥挤机理；对比了状态跳转与B S Kerner的"相变"理论的差异及其随路段、时段的变化规律；最后给出了拥挤阈值的定义、指标、确定方法，分析了影响因素及与交通控制的关系。

For three different reaction paths leading to ortho, meta, para-chloropyridine, two transition states have been located by PM3 on each reaction path, while only one transition state by ab initio, however both methods give the same results: the energy of transition state and activation barrier on producing 2-chloropyridine are the lowest among three reaction paths, so 2-chloropyridine is obtained priorly, which agrees with the experimental results.

生成邻、间、对氯代吡啶三条不同反应途径PM3方法优化得到两个过渡态，而从头算方法中只优化得到一个过渡态。但两种方法的研究结果均表明：三条反应途径中生成2-氯吡啶的过渡态能量和活化能最低，因此反应优先生成2-氯吡啶，与实验结果一致。

The paper presents a classification of six typical traffic states based on real-detected data and traffic flow model,and then an introduction of the definition and identification method of "state transition" to explain congestion mechanism.A comparison is conducted between "State transition" and B S Kerner's "phase transition",and an analysis is made of its characteristics at different sections and in different hours.

基于实测数据和交通流模型，划分了六种典型交通状态，提出了&状态跳转&的概念及判别方法以解释拥挤机理；对比了状态跳转与B S Kerner的&相变&理论的差异及其随路段、时段的变化规律；最后给出了拥挤阈值的定义、指标、确定方法，分析了影响因素及与交通控制的关系。

We especially inspect the function of demographic transition to economic growth after analyses compositively the mainstream theory of economic growth. With the analytical framework of "demographic dividend" theory, we examined China's economic growth miracle from its openness and reformation, exposed the important action of demographic transition to China economic development, and validated the existence of "the first demographic dividend" in the process of China demographic transition.

本章在综合比较主流经济增长理论的基础上，重点探讨了经济增长中的人口因素，并利用&人口红利&理论的分析框架，对中国改革开放以来的所创造的经济增长奇迹进行剖析，揭示人口转变在中国经济发展中所起到的重要作用，验证中国人口转变过程中&第一人口红利&的存在性问题。

The result showed that the LUCC of oasis is evident and its spatio-temporal difference is obvious; the index of state and trend in the whole oasis is 0.34, which shows that the transition of type in the oasis presents the characteristics of the bi-directional situation, quasi equilibrium state and regional difference; the indexes of state and trend in the upper and middle part of oasis are 0.63 and 0.56 respectively, which show the non-balance state; the index of state and trend in the lower part of oasis is 0.27, which presents the quasi equilibrium state.

结果表明，三工河流域绿洲LUCC变化显著，时空差异明显；整个绿洲LUCC的趋势和状态指数是0.34，类型转换呈现双向的态势，处于准平衡状态，并出现一定的地域分异，其中绿洲上部和中部分别为0.63和0.56，处于非平衡状态，绿洲下部为0.27，处于准平衡状态。

It is confirmed that under the illumination of light the dark-adaptedBR is quickly turned into the light-adapted, and undergoes a photo-chemical cycle then through a sequence of intermediates of J, K, L,comes into a more stable intermediate-M state. M state relaxes to B state in about one hour. B state converts completely into D state after 24 hours. B state initiates the photochemical cycle under illumination, while it can transform into D state in the dark. So B state is a key intermediate in the BR photochemical cycle.

实验证实，样品受光照激发后很快从暗适应型经过光适应型进入光循环，经过一系列的光化学中间体到达较稳定的M态。M态经过约1小时热驰豫完全回到光适应型B态，B态再经过24小时缓慢热驰豫完全回到暗适应型D态。B态受光则进入光循环，不受光则转化为D态，从而认为B态是菌紫质光循环路径中一个重要的分支节点。

Then, it studies the supply chain management system as a complex system to confirm the state existing during operating of the system. After that, it conducts a probability analysis on the state which the system located by applying supplement variable method, and establishes the model of distributed parameter system in a form of partial differential equations. Combining C0 ? semigroup theory in the functional analysis, it conducts a dynamic analysis on the established mathematical model. Using this method, it obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution and the steady state solution, and proves the uniqueness, non-negativity and the asymptotic stability of the system solution. This dissertation applies the Matlab tool and uses two-step, three-step Simpson integral equation to imitate the condition of system solution. Then, it adds possible mode of failure and the optimization adjustment state to the system, based on which it has established the distributed parameter system model which is described by partial differential system of equations. Combining the functional analysis C0 ? semigroup theory, it studies the established mathematical model, and obtains the mathematical expression of the dynamic solution system and the steady state solution. It has proven the existing of uniqueness of the system solution, the asymptotic stability of system solution and the system solution. In addition, it has lying the theory rationale for further analysis and the research on the optimization of system.

本文首先简要综述了供应链理论、可靠性研究、鲁棒性研究以及供应链鲁棒性研究的现状；然后，将供应链系统作为一个复杂系统来分析，确定了系统运行过程中所经历的状态，通过引入补充变量的方法，建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论得到了系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统解存在的唯一性、非负性和指数阶渐近稳定性；并借助Matlab工具，利用二阶、三阶辛普森积分方程模拟系统解的性态，并给出系统动态解的仿真图；本文又对上述系统增加了系统可能失效状态和优化调整状态，并在此基础上建立了用偏微分方程组描述的分布参数系统模型，同样用泛函分析中的C_0 -半群理论对所建立的数学模型进行了研究，得到系统动态解和稳态解的数学表达式，证明了系统动态解存在的唯一性、非负性及渐近稳定性，为进一步分析和研究供应链优化奠定了理论基础。

The model in this paper takes the form as belowThe main contents and results in this paper are as follows:In section 1, we state our main analytical results on equilibria of the above system. First, several sufficient conditions for coexistence of the steady-state are given by the standard fixed-point index theory in cone. Second, the global structure of the coexistence solutions and their local stability are established by using bifurcation theory. Third, the multiplicity, uniqueness and stability of positive steady-state solutions to this system are derived by means of perturbation theory of eigenvalues, standard regularity theory, Sobolev embedding theorem and fixed-point index theory.

本文主要有两章内容：第一章研究了该模型正平衡解的性质，可分为三部分：第一部分运用极值原理、上下解方法和锥映射不动点指标理论得到正平衡解存在的充分条件；第二部分利用分歧理论给出了平衡态系统正分歧解的结构，并讨论了局部分歧解的稳定性；第三部分利用特征值扰动理论、标准椭圆正则化理论、Sobolev嵌入定理及指标理论讨论了正平衡解的多重性、唯一性及稳定性，并讨论了参数对解的影响。

The paper induces and analyzes research method of the tooth, including Method line of the tooth theory,Envlopment theory, Camus theory, Circling cluster theory and so on.Based on the past theories,the new measure to deduce the chain wheel tooth equation of roller chain at high speed,Circling cluster and envlopment theory,is proposed by analyzing basic concept of equidistant curve and Willis theory.Following the presentation of drawing lessons from traditional roller chainof the change of stanza line distance. A new type of roller chain at high speed is given in the paper.The paper studies deeply structural characteristics, the change of stanza line distance,separation between plank and bore and so on.According to design requst of roller chain at high speed and the study ofH_y--V_0 tooth chain,the impossibility that Quasi-conjugage engagement theory isrealized by the engagement of roller chain at high speed from the aspect of theory is decribed.

作者综述了高速滚子链国内外研究现状，并进行了以下研究工作：归纳分析了齿形法线法理论、包络法理论、卡姆士定理、圆族法理论等齿形研究方法，在此基础上，结合齿形啮合基本定律，分析了等距曲线的基本概念，提出了一种推导高速滚子链链轮齿廓方程的新方法—圆族包络法；在借鉴普通变节距滚子链的基础上，本文提出了一种新型的高速滚子链链条，深入研究了高速滚子链链条结构特性及其变节距、板孔中心分离等特性。

Calculating results show that variation of the propellant inlet pressure makes little impact on engine performance parameters, and the engine will transit to a new stable state. The parameter transition curves are smooth. When the engine thrust is adjusted in a small range within a short period, the parameter transition curves are also reposeful. But when the adjusting range becomes large, the parameter transition curves will fluctuate acutely. Thus, when large range adjusting is required, the time of adjusting should be lengthened or the adjusting should be divided into adequate steps.

计算结果表明，当发动机在某一个稳定工况工作时，发动机入口推进剂压强的变化对发动机性能参数的影响不大，发动机的参数都能比较平稳的过渡到一个新的稳定工况；当发动机在短时间内进行小范围的推力调节时，发动机参数的过渡过程的曲线也比较平稳，但是当在短时间内进行大范围推力调节时，参数的过渡过程的曲线振动比较剧烈，因此应当在进行大范围推力调节时，应当对调节时间进行适当延长，或者分级进行推力调节。

Summary In copyright infringement cases,if the alleged infringer uses or even plagiarizes the copyrighted works or parts thereof,which causes no substantially adverse effect on the normal exploitation of the work,nor does it inflict any substantial damages to the right owner,the de minis doctrine should be applied to exempt the liabilities of the defendant and seek the balance of interests between the right owner and the general public embodied by the copyright law.

在侵犯著作权案件中，如果被控侵权行为人虽未经著作权人的同意，使用甚至抄袭了受著作权保护的作品或作品的片段，但若情节轻微，未对该作品的正常使用产生任何实质不利的影响，亦未对权利人的权利造成实质性的损害，则应适用&不计琐细原则&，免除行为人的责任，以寻求在权利人利益与著作权法所体现的社会公共利益之间的平衡。

This new product will become our best seller.

这个新产品会成为我们最畅销的产品。