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A mutant of Impations balsamina was obtained after space induction, and its traits and meiosis were investigated.

本文报道了种子经神舟 4号飞船搭载的凤仙花突变植株的性状及减数分裂过程的变化。

Genetic variation was evaluated using phenotypic traits and RAPD markers in 8 natural populations of Betula luminifera from Fujian Province, China. The relationship between genetic variation and environmental factors was also examined.

采用表型性状测定结合RAPD标记，研究福建境内8个光皮桦野生种群的遗传变异，探讨遗传变异与环境因子间的相关性。

Inthe past,quantitative geneticists used biometrical methods such as means andvariances to estimate parameters of gene action for quantitative traits.

过去，传统的数量遗传学是把控制数量性状的多个基因作为一个整体进行研究，存在一定的局限性。

This paper introduces the related concepts and methods of survival analysis and QTL mapping in detail. This study uses accelerated failure time model for Bayesian QTL mapping, combining the survival analysis and biometrical genetics, and studies on the principle of Bayesian mapping analysis for Genomic Architecture of Survival Traits based on the accelerated failure time model.

本文对生存分析及QTL定位相关概念方法进行了详细介绍，并将生存分析中的加速失效时间模型应用于生物遗传领域的QTL定位分析中，与Bayes作图方法相结合，探讨了基于加速失效时间模型生存性状遗传结构的Bayes定位分析原理。

In this article,the effects of biparental mass selectionand half-sib-S3 family combining selection(HS-S2:3)on the major traits of the two maize populations were studied.

研究了控制双亲混合选择和半同胞S2：3（HSS2：3）轮回选择对2个玉米基础群体P4C0和P5C0主要性状的改良效果。

The solutions of ProblemⅠ,ⅡandⅢare discussed by using the generalized conjugate gradient method. When the equation is consistent, the solutions such as symmetric, skew-symmetric, centrosymmetric, centroskew symmetric, reflexive, antireflexive, bisymmetric or symmetric and antipersymmetric are successfully found; When the equation is inconsistent, the least-squares solutions such as symmetric, skew-symmetric, centrosymmetric, centroskew symmetric, reflexive, antireflexive, bisymmetric or symmetric and antipersymmetric are also found successfully. The generalized conjugate gradient method has the following traits:(1) It can judge automatically the information of solutions.

利用广义共轭梯度法，讨论了问题Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ解的情况：当方程相容时，研究了方程的一般解、对称解、中心对称解、自反矩阵解、双对称解、对称次反对称解及其最佳逼近等问题；当方程不相容时，研究了方程的最小二乘一般解、最小二乘对称解、最小二乘中心对称解、最小二乘自反矩阵解、最小二乘双对称解、最小二乘对称次反对称解及其最佳逼近等问题。

The data were collected during 1989 ~ 1998 at Arbas cashmere goats farm, Etuoke banner, Inner Mongolia .Multiple traits of BLUP were used to get estimates of total breeding values of all goats.

在模型中考虑的固定效应有年龄效应和性别-群体-年度效应、随机效应有个体的加性效应和个体永久性环境效应。

The traits selected were average daily gain after weaning and backfat thickness at 100 kg live weight. Breeding pigs were selected according to multiple-trait BLUP, and economic weight of BF was set as 2.5 times of that of ADG.

选择的性状为一般父系猪的选择性状，即断奶后生长速度和达100 kg体重时的活体背膘厚，利用多性状BLUP估计性状的育种值，选择指数中后一性状的经济加权系数是前一个的2.5倍，选择共进行了5个世代。

Firstly, the course reviews the basic knowledge about matrix algebra and linear model, and introduce the BLUP for mixed linear model, then, learn the approaches to contruct and solve various animal models, including single trait animal model, repeatability model, maternal model, threshold model, random regression model, non-additive model and multiple traits model, finally, train application of animal model to animal genetic evaluation by means of a software on estimation of breeding values.

本课程首先回顾有关矩阵代数和线性模型的基础知识，介绍线性混合模型的BLUP求解方法，然后根据动物性状和动物育种资料的类型和特点，具体讲授不同种类动物模型，包括单性状动物模型、单性状重复率模型、单性状母体效应模型、单性状阈模型、单性状随机回归模型、单性状非加性效应模型和多性状动物模型等的建立和求解方法。最后，结合动物育种值估计软件，进行动物模型在动物生产性能的遗传评估中的应用训练。

It was studied that bulked extremes of 8 relative traits of photosynthesis and photoprotection in rice by means of AF LPs.

依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散被认为是光保护的主要途径。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！