查询词典 traffic signal

This idea can help department of traffic management create scheme automatically and change the distribution of traffic flow in cities,thus it can deracinate or mitigate traffic jams according to traffic flow in real time.So it can optimize the traffic management in cities.

这项技术可以帮助交通管理部门根据实时交通信息，自动生成动态交通流控制方案，改变城市道路中的交通流分布，从而提前根除和缓解交通阻塞，优化城市交通管理。

Furthermore, the main drawback for constructing the traffic institution in the special culture situation in China is the lack of supervise, the inefficiency of current intelligent traffic institution, the disjointedness of executive standard for traffic police and the statute standard, the simplification of the punisher, the rigidity of punishment standard, the lack of punishment dynamics, and bad influence of the traffic institution based on human relationship, and the lack of public traffic consciousness.

得出在特定的文化环境中，构建交通制度信任的主要障碍在于，制度管理过程中监督力度不足、没有完全发挥出现有智能交通系统的作用、交警现场执法标准与法规脱节、惩罚主体单一化、惩罚的标准僵化、惩罚力度不够、以关系为主的人际信任对交通制度信任产生负影响、公众交通意识低等。

The paper analyses this problem,firstly clarifies telephone traffic is the telecommunication's product and traffic marketing is the very important job,then predicts traffic's increase will happen snowslide and foretells eight changeovers,finally put forward customer marketing should turn to traffic marketing and traffic marketing will turn to information marketing .

本文围绕这一问题展开讨论，首先澄清话务量才是电信产品，明确了话务营销是电信企业的重要营销工作，然后预言了话务量增长的雪崩现象和电信的8种转变，最终提出目前的用户营销工作应向话务营销转变，进而话务营销也必定要向信息营销转变的趋势。

The major achievement of this paper is: Based on characteristics of the traffic data distribution, execute pattern recognition operations on traffic condition on two dimensions by clustering, then use BP neural network to describe and forecast traffic flow aiming at each pattern. Making use of classic flow-occupancy inverse "V" model, implement polynomial fitting using least-squares algorithm and statistics method on flow curves to detect outliers which are proved to be not accord with practice through the actual implement, then use the moving average model to recorrect the outliers and absent. Make correlation analysis on muti-direction flow queues of the intersection and ones of upriver intersections, choose flow queue with high correlation as assistant one to improve the error tolerance of the prediction system, at the same time we can use the method to give an estimation of flow in intersection with out sensors. We design and implement an SOA(Service-Oriented Architecture)-based UTDD(urban traffic data mining development) with high expansibility and performance, which implement unified management and call of the data-mining application though defining a XML-based description of data-mining process and a common interface to call data-mining process, finally we build traffic flow prediction application model on UTDD.

根据交通流量数据分布的特征，提出基于k-means的二次聚类方法，对交通流量在流量大小和时间上进行模式划分，进而对各个交通流模式进行基于BP神经网络的描述和预测，从而提高模型对流量预测的精度； 2）根据流量/时间占有率倒&V&字形曲线分布模型，提出基于最小二乘法的三次多项式曲线拟合和统计方法的异常检测方法，实际应用表明该方法能够有效识别异常数据，然后根据移动平均算法对异常数据进行修正； 3）基于序列相关性分析，分别对预测方向的交通流量数据序列、上游路口相关序列以及预测路口其它各个方向上的交通流量序列进行分析，选择相似性流量序列，作为辅助序列提供其他没有检测器路口的流量估计； 4）设计和实现了基于SOA（Service-Oriented Achitecture）的高性能、可扩展的智能交通数据挖掘系统UTDD，该系统通过定义基于XML的数据挖掘过程描述和通用的过程模型接口，实现数据挖掘应用的统一管理和调用，最后在UTDD上建立了基于路口流量预测的应用模型。

ABSTRACT: According to the research system of urban traffic planning and construction, and the requirement of consistency with urban planning, the paper proposes three-class traffic zone system, including macroscopic traffic zone, traffic infrastructure zone and traffic operation and management zone.

按照城市交通规划建设体系以及与城市规划一致性要求，文章提出宏观及交通分区、交通设施分区与运行管理分区三级及交通分区体系。

Article 46 A motor vehicle shall pass a railway crossing according to the traffic signals or the traffic manager's command; if there is no traffic signal or traffic manager, it shall slow down or stop, and may not pass until believing that it is safe to do so.

第四十六条机动车通过铁路道口时，应当按照交通信号或者管理人员的指挥通行；没有交通信号或者管理人员的，应当减速或者停车，在确认安全后通过。

Based on the dynamic change of the intersection traffic flow, two intersection traffic control strategies were proposed, including the variable lane use on certain intersection approach, and the split-phase signal control strategy. Then, the potential applicability, advantages and characteristics of the two strategies were analyzed. With the surveyed data, a corresponding simulation model was built, and the effectiveness of these methods was simulated with the traffic signal control simulation software Synchro.

针对信号控制交叉口实际流量动态变化的特征，在现有传统控制方法的基础上根据交叉口交通流的变化特点，提出采用可变车道控制模式的控制方法、单边轮放控制模式的控制方法，介绍了其潜在的适用条件、优势及特点，并在交通流量调查的的基础上，建立了交叉口的相应仿真模型，利用信号控制仿真软件Synchro验证了在高峰期不同控制方法的效果。

The sketch and specific design approaches of mid-block street crossing are generalized and three management and control modes are discussed. Based on extensive investigation and survey, the paper analysis the arriving laws in different land-use condition and the traffic characteristics of different crossing entities under different control modes. The initial characteristic, the speed and dispersion of the mobile flow are also intensive studied, as well as the effect of mid-block street crossing. Establish the linear planning models on the coordination between the signals of mid-block crossing and intersection. Finally the evaluation of the model output is carried out from time saving results, safety, economic results and social results. Set the example of Taiping north road in Nanjing, surveying the traffic situation, applying the method of signal coordination between the mid-block crossings and intersection to realize the south-to-north signal coordination design. The evaluation results show the coordination plan are more superior to the current signal plan.

本文首先阐述了行人过街物理设施的概略设计和详细设计方法，讨论了路段人行横道的三种交通管制方式的设计方法和实用条件；其次，在充分的实际调查基础上，详细分析了不同用地性质条件下的过街需求的到达特性和不同交通管制下不同过街实体的交通特性，分析了进入路段的机动车初始流特性，并对机动车在路段中的车速特征、离散性以及路段信号控制人行横道对机动车流的影响进行了研究；然后，根据以上分析的过街交通和机动车交通的交通特性，建立了路段行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的线性规划模型；最后，对模型输出的协调控制方案进行了效益评价分析，从时间效益、安全性、经济效益和社会效益四个方面，定量和定性相结合地对其实施效果予以评价；以南京市太平北路路段为例，根据现状交通状况，应用行人过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制的方法，对该路段由南向北方向进行单向协调控制设计，并进行方案效益分析评价，提出了优于现状控制方案的人行过街信号与交叉口信号协调控制方案。

At the same time, combining with the actual condition of delivery pipeline of our country and some prevalent leak detection and location methods, this paper raised a method, which is based on wavelet analysis and negative- pressure-wave to detect and locate the leakage. Jobs in the paper are as follows:As affected by gas density, pressure, specific heat and pipe material, the velocity of negative-pressure-wave improved depending on the energy conservation. At one time, taking the affection of velocity of gas flow, the location formula was modified in some degree.When locating the leaks with location formula, the iterative approach algorithm was adopted as a new method to increase the location accuracy level of system.Multi-scale decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet transform is utilized to filter the noise of negative-pressure-wave, which was brought by leakage. With the capacity to detect the signal singularity fast and accurately, wavelet transform was used to catch the break point of pressure signal. The work improved the accuracy of At in location formula, accordingly improved the location accuracy.Wavelet is a suitable tool for signal analysis. The distinct character is that the mother-wavelet is of optional. That means choosing different mother-wavelet will get different analysis result. So we studied how to choose mother-wavelet and its scale for signal singularity detection. The method is to choose a wavelet by regularities of the wavelet and the signal.Finally, a plan, which bases on SCADA system for inspection and detection of natural gas leakage, is proposed in the article.

其中，主要进行了以下几方面的工作：针对泄漏产生的负压波在管道中的传播速度受媒介的密度、压力、比热及材质等因素的影响，而非声波在空气中传播的速度，本文利用能量守恒原理，对其进行了修正；考虑到管内气体流速对压力波速的影响，对原始的负压波定位公式进行了一定程度的改进，并在利用定位公式进行泄漏点定位时采用逐步迭代逼近算法，提高了系统的定位精度；利用小波变换的多分辨率分解和重构技术，对采集到的管道发生泄漏时产生的负压波信号进行了降噪处理；并利用小波变换技术对信号奇异点的快速、准确的识别能力，对经上述消噪后的负压波信号进行了奇异点捕捉，精确捕捉的结果提高了定位公式中上下游站点采集到的负压波奇异点的时间差△t的精度，从而进一步提高了定位的精度；考虑到小波变换是一种基波可变的信号分析工具，也就是说，不同的小波基波对信号分析的结果将有很大差别，这势必影响最终的处理结果，因此，我们又对比分析了本课题中小波基及尺度的选择问题，依据规则性系数相似性原理对母小波的选择进行了探索性研究；最后，还提出了基于SCADA的泄漏检测与定位系统的软件开发构想及系统的嵌入方案。

The mulitresolution analysis of wavelet can decomposite signal on different Scales.So it has the ability of processing for signal in frequency-band,which is very useful to analysis the details of signal on a given frequency-band,to build up the identification features of signal and to cancel the signal noise.

小波多分辨率分解能够将信号在不同的尺度上展开，因而具有对信号按频带进行处理的能力，这对于分析特定频段上信号的细节，建立表征识别故障信号的特征以及清除信号的干扰与噪声等方面具有十分重要的意义。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。