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ABSTRACT The influence of traditional space of architects on the social culture in China is far reaching. As our nowadays life is based on the history, old experience on space still exercises a great and subtle influence on people.

中文摘要论文摘要中国传统建筑空间对中国的社会文化生活的影响是深远的，我们今天的社会生活是建立在历史的基础之上的，传统建筑空间对公众的影响是深刻和潜移默化的。

Abstractionism is generated from the traditional Western philosophy, which is featured by the contrast between doctrine and illusion. And abstract painting is an individualized Utopian coding. Some gap does occur between these enlightening concepts and the historic records of art.

关于抽象主义产生于理念与幻象二元对立的西方哲学传统，及抽象绘画是一种个人化的乌托邦编码等颇有启发力的观点，与艺术史实际资料之间，是有一定距离的。

Western painting, in nature, is a medium that speaks out the truth. It has evolved from the religious truth (Greece, Rome and the Renaissance), nationalist truth to the individual truth (impressionism and abstractionism). The traditional Chinese collectivism, when encountering with the spoken-out truth, breaks the oil painting away from the truth-pursuing quality or the free spirit inherent in the Western tradition and modern art by regarding the oil paintings as a mere class of fine arts or a medium.

西方绘画本质上是一种真理性言说的媒介，经历了从宗教真理，到国家主义真理，再到个人主义真理的演进过程，汉语传统中的集体主义在与这种真理性言说相遇时，通过仅把油画视为"画种"、"媒介"，将其与西方传统中的求真气质、或现代艺术的自由精神相切割。

Farther, this chapter tries to hold a dialogue between the native and the West on a new level of Sino-western mutual understanding, thus, the chapter, with the basic idea of"comparison equals dialogue", launches a discussion focusing on four features: the widely-ranged introduction from anti-alienation spirit, modern humanitarianism and individualism in Western modern art to the anti-Confucianism in Chinese cultural tradition; the seek for the essence of Western modern abstractionist art in Chinese traditional intellectual art atmosphere; the decoding of Western modern non-rationalism based on native cultural tradition; and the discussion on relations between"The Harmony Between Heaven and Man"and Western postmodernism.

于是本章基于"比较即对话"的观念，围绕四个问题展开了讨论：从西方现代艺术的反异化精神、现代人道主义、个人主义说到中国的"反儒文化"传统；在中国传统文人艺术境界中寻找西方现代抽象艺术的真谛；对西方现代非理性主义进行基于本土文化传统的解读；探讨天人合一精神与西方后现代主义的联系。

In the beginning and middle parts of 1980s, The Chinese dramas circle actively developed the Chinese traditional concept of time and space and the freehanded style, boldly borrowing the western absurdism and imagism, and started a new phase of innovation and muti-development.

八十年代初中期，中国戏剧积极拓展我国传统戏剧的时空观、写意性特征，大胆借鉴西方现代戏剧的荒诞化、意象性技巧，出现了探索创新、多元发展的崭新局面。

The Academic Institution of Orthopaedics the Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hangzhou 310053,China

浙江中医药大学骨伤科研究所，杭州 310053

Online learning must be the main stream and online test will substitute the traditional paper-and-pencil test in the future. In order to respond to the coming of online learning era, how to make good use of the Internet is an important issue. Teachers can design online test questions to effectively understand students' learning performance and control their learning condition. Then teachers can provide remedial programs. Therefore, developing a flawless online test system to satisfy users' request is a critical issue both in practical and academicals.

网路学习必然是未来发展趋势，线上测验也逐渐取代传统考卷测验方式成为主流，为因应网路教学时代来临，如何善用网际网路让教师得以藉由线上测验之试题设计，而能更有效进行测验与验收学生之学习成效，且充份掌握学生之学习情况，后续即能针对能力较弱之处进行补救教学，因此，建构完善的线上测验系统以符合使用者需求，对实务界及学术界来说，都是一项很值得进行研究之议题。

Through his great efforts, Jiujie freed himself from the bondage of the traditional academicism style, the Russian style, and the limits of naturalism.

九杰以其自身不懈的努力，从学院派的正统和源自西方而经俄罗斯画派改造的风景画传统的桎梏中挣脱出来，摆脱了自然主义的束缚。

He had studied under Kang Youwei the Western realism, and in Europe he was influenced by the traditional Western realism, especially by the French Academism.

他曾师从康有为学习西方写实主义绘画，在欧洲又受到西方传统写实主义、特别是法国学院派的影响。

The female sculptor, yu gao, seems to stand out among her contemporaries in raising the folklore and traditional vision into a kind of academism language.

将民间性和传统的视觉主题上升为一种学院派式形式语言做得比较出色的也许是女雕塑家喻高。

I can still vividly recall the impressive scenes you gave. You were among my friends and relatives who accompanied me from my house to the seaport and when the porters were slow to show up, you obligingly carried my suitcase for me.

你对我的种种感人情意，使我记忆犹新，那天你随着我的亲友从家里送我上轮船，搬运工迟迟不来，你毅然替我提着皮箱上船。

St. Nicholas became the patron saint of Russia, where he was famous for his red cape, flowing white beard, and bishop's mitre.

圣尼古拉成了俄罗斯人的守护神，在那里，他以身披红斗篷，留着飘逸的白胡须，戴着主教法冠而闻名。