查询词典 to one's cost

We analyzed the regular pattern of daily medicine cost change of operation inpatients during hospitalization in every group . the results indicated that the median line of daily medicine cost had similar regular pattern in operations on the nervous system , the musculoskeletal system , the nose , mouth , and pharynx system and the female genital organs system : the top of daily medicine cost median emerged on the day of operations ; the median of daily medicine cost was low in the period after operation , and the lowest in the period before operation . the median line of daily medicine cost of operations on the digestive system and the integumentary system keeped at a high level in the period of 1 - 6 days after operations

手术病人日药费随住院时间的变化规律按icd - 9 - cm类目表的15个系统大类将住院手术病人分为15组，分析了各系统手术病人住院期间日药品费用的变化规律，结果显示：神经系统、肌肉骨骼系统、鼻口咽系统和女性生殖系统手术的日药费中位数线图具有相似的变化规律：手术病人住院期间的日药费硕士学位论文中位数的峰值位于手术当日，且手术当日的日药费变异最大；术后住院日的日药费中位数明显降低；术前住院日的日药费中位数很低；消化系统和体被系统手术在手术当日及术后1 6天内的日药费中位数维持在较高的水平。

We claim all sidedness and entirety and procedure of cost control, and the text put forward that cost prediction and cost planning and cost control in the cost process control should take turns as well as a rolling closed loop movement.

要求成本控制的全面性、整体性和过程性，提出了成本预测、成本计划和成本实施控制在成本过程控制中既是依次进行时，又是周而复始的闭环运动。

The objective of the dissertation is to find a way to improve Freight service of TRA under the circumstances described above.From the view of external cost of overall transportation, railway is the most cost effective vehicle in terms of external cost if we count the cost of green house effect, air pollution, noise pollution, and accidental cost.

就总体运输之外部成本而言，运具能源耗用所产生的温室效应、空气污染、噪音污染、肇事成本等，铁路运输所产生之外部成本远较公路运输为低。

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

Chapter ThreeIt systematizes the theories of Strategic Cost Management,introduces the concepts, characteristics,analysis methods(such as strategic value chain analyses,strategic location analyses and strategic cost driver analyses) and cost management methods (such as Target Costing and Activity-based Cost Management) related to Strategic Cost Management.

第三章对战略成本管理理论进行梳理，介绍了战略成本管理的概念，分析了战略成本管理的特点，介绍了战略价值链分析、战略定位分析和战略成本动因分析等分析方法，并对与战略成本管理有关的成本管理方法进行了介绍，主要介绍了成本企划和作业成本法，并分析了其优点和缺点。

Then direct against the concrete conditions of the oil field of Xinjiang, influencing the important factor that the oil gas operated the cost in the oil field of Xinjiang to be analyzed at first, then analyzing in the face of the domestic and international oil field before combining provide the oil field oil gas in Xinjiang and operate concrete method and measure that the cost controls, and combine the change law of petroleum gas cost in the past 10 years of big company of foreign petroleum Oil field Company oil gas cost control what time does it get helpful enlightenment out of about Xinjiang, providing the incentive mechanism of operating the cost of oil gas of oil field company of Xinjiang to design finally.

然后针对新疆油田的具体情况，首先对影响新疆油阳油气操作成本的重要因素进行了分析，然后结合前面对国内外油田的分析给出新疆油田油气操作成本控制的具体方法和措施，并结合国外石油大公司在近十年的石油天然气成本的变化规律对新疆油田公司油气成本控制提出了几点有益的启示，最后给出了新疆油田公司油气操作成本的激励机制设计。

Table 2.2 Infrastructure in different transport modes Road - Public No inherent guidance Infrastructure provided - Private Artificial, shared way centrally at public expense and at nominal cost to users Rail -Heavy Inherent guidance Track and control centrally - Light Artificial, dedicated way provided and charged to - Metro operators at full cost or owned by operators Air Natural, shared way Infrastructure provided by third party at full cost Maritime -Coastal/short Natural, shared way Infrastructure provided by sea No inherent guidance third party and charged at full Deep sea cost Inland water Natural or man-made Infrastructure provided by shared way third party and charged at full No inherent guidance cost Pipelines Artificial, dedicated way Infrastructure usually Inherent guidance provided by user All modes (except pipelines, although a travelator or moving walkway' may be considered a pipeline) carry both freight and passengers.

表2.2 不同运输方式的基础结构公路公共私人没有固有的牵引人造的，共享的方式基础设施由中央以公共费用和以使用者名义上的成本来提供铁路重型轻型地铁固有的牵引人造的，独占的方式铁轨和控制设施以完全成本的形式提供和向运营者收取费用或者由运营者所独有航空自然的，共享的方式基础设施由第三方提供并以完全成本方式收取费用海运沿海／近洋远洋自然的，共享的方式没有固有的牵引基础设施由第三方提供并以完全成本方式收取费用内河水运自然或人工的，共享的方式，没有固有的牵引基础设施由第三方提供并以完全成本方式收取费用管道人工的，专属的方式固有的引导基础设施通常由用户提供所有的运输方式（除了管道，尽管自动扶梯也可以被看作是一种管道）既能载人也能载货。

The chapter two, namely the essential condition of engineering cost management of domestic and foreign countries, separately analyzes the basic domestic engineering cost management condition, the basic domestic railway engineering cost management condition and the foreign basic engineering cost management condition according to large amount of relative domestic and foreign data and information, and point out the main problem in the current railway engineering cost making system.

第2章国内外工程造价管理的基本情况，在参照大量国内外有关资料的基础上，分别分析了我国工程造价管理的基本情况、我国铁路工程造价管理的基本情况、国外工程造价管理的基本情况，指出了现行铁路工程计价体系存在的主要问题。

As one of the common facilities in manufacturing enterprises, air compressors are widely used due to their capacity of producing compressed air. However , an authoritative survey shows that air compressor system consumes about 86%of the total energy cost within five years compared with purchase price that only accounts for 8% of total cost. This high volume of energy consummation invisibly increases enterprises' operational cost. However ,within the 90% of the cost for energy, main tenance and repair , 50% can be saved.

压缩机作为制造厂最常用的设备之一，其所产生的廉价适用的压缩空气能源备受许多企业家青睐，据权威机构调查，空气压缩系统在五年的总成本中，运转能源消耗费用占约86％，压缩系统初期购置费用仅占总成本的约8％，其高额的运转能源费用无形中增加了企业运营成本；然而人们却不知道这里占近90％的能源及保养修理费用却是有50％以上是可能不必支付的。

The result shows that, the Direct Power Supply Model is inexorable selection of the whole social and economic development and the Yangtze River Power Corporation development. It also assesses one proposed strategy and finds that the active participation in price competition for networking, may help display the obvious low cost advantage of the hydropower enterprise, and the strive for direct power supply may afford more opportunity for the low cost enterprise to touch some of the end users. This not only helps to break the monopolized (currently an actually single agent) power purchase system, but also creates a policy advantage which helps the local areas to directly use the local water resources to develop large industries (for adjusting the industrial structure, increasing employment and especially for the relocation of emigrants). It also helps to develop the regional economy. Besides, this strategy will also promote the cooperation with other related enterprises, and thus promote the development of a multiple-element industry. Because the Direct Power Supply Model can make the low cost hydropower firm master partly terminal customers, then it is a normous chance for the low cost hydropower firm.

研究结果表明，直供电商业经营模式是中国整个社会经济发展和长江电力公司企业发展的必然要求和选择，在理论和实践也是切实可行的；直供电商业模式不局限于定向"电力公司"——电网购电客户，也应可约定直接向大用户，这样可以使低成本的水电公司有机会掌握部分终端客户，这除了可以打破当前实质上的单一主体的垄断购电体制外，还可以为直接利用当地水能资源、发展大工业、调整产业结构、增加就业尤其是安置移民、进而创造相当的政策性优势，进而促进区域经济发展，同时，还将有利于促进本企业与有关企业合作，发展相关多元化产业；由于直供电商业经营模式可以让低成本的水电公司掌握部分终端客户，所以对低成本的水电公司是一个巨大的机遇。

Summary In copyright infringement cases,if the alleged infringer uses or even plagiarizes the copyrighted works or parts thereof,which causes no substantially adverse effect on the normal exploitation of the work,nor does it inflict any substantial damages to the right owner,the de minis doctrine should be applied to exempt the liabilities of the defendant and seek the balance of interests between the right owner and the general public embodied by the copyright law.

在侵犯著作权案件中，如果被控侵权行为人虽未经著作权人的同意，使用甚至抄袭了受著作权保护的作品或作品的片段，但若情节轻微，未对该作品的正常使用产生任何实质不利的影响，亦未对权利人的权利造成实质性的损害，则应适用&不计琐细原则&，免除行为人的责任，以寻求在权利人利益与著作权法所体现的社会公共利益之间的平衡。

This new product will become our best seller.

这个新产品会成为我们最畅销的产品。