查询词典 to one's cost

Innovation achievements of this dissertation are mainly in the content and the method, namely: presents the content of EAP thoroughly and systematically; reviews the cost, utility and empirical studies of EAP; investigates the cost and utility of EAP theoretically, conducts the typical survey of the EAP implementation of a domestic enterprise; establishes multivariate linear regression equation of EAP utility; sets up an allocation model of EAP cost through Analytic Hierarchy ProcessThis dissertation\'s conclusion is that EAP cost is related to the time and frequency of EAP used by employee under the fixed cost, the tendency of using EAP is related to demographic characteristics and other factors, the utility of EAP is related to the personal preference of using EAP at least, the utility of EAP is leastwise related to 7 factors, the relationship with the supervisor is the most important factor in the workplace, personal health is the largest part of EAP cost.

本文的创新成果主要是内容上的创新和方法上的创新：对EAP的内容进行了全面、系统的梳理；对EAP的成本、效用和实证研究进行了综述；对EAP的成本、效用进行了理论上的探讨；对国内企业实施EAP的情况进行了典型调查；建立了EAP效用的多元线性回归方程；用层次分析法建立了EAP的成本分摊模型。本文得出的结论是：在固定成本不变的情况下，EAP的成本与员工使用EAP的时间及次数有关系；EAP的使用倾向与人口统计学特征和其它因素有关；EAP的效用至少与个人对EAP的使用偏好有关；EAP的效用至少与7个因素相关；与上级的关系是工作场所中最重要的因素；个人的身体健康是EAP成本中花费最大的部分。

Under the condition of the following- factors concerning the optimization models:the investment cost, operating cost, unfair cost, payment evade cost, drivers" extra cost and environmental pollution cost.this paper raises the optimized models of multi-modes payment of teH collection system and its algorithm is proposed by SAGA -hybrid optimization strategy, which can simultaneously optimize the following results: the optimum locations of toll stations, numbers of toll stations, the numbers of different tolling, modes" tailgates of every toll station, ETC users discount rate.and can estimate the installation rate of TAG of every toll station.the actual traffic flow capadty of different toiigate, can obtain the best toll collection system under the different simulated decision conditions.

本文充分考虑了驾驶员缴费技术选择与缴费车道选择的特性，提出了驾驶员缴费方式随机选择模型；在考虑了收费系统的投资成本、营运成本、不公平成本、漏收成本、驾驶员的额外成本和环境污染成本等因素的基础上，提出了多收费方式收费系统的优化模型，提出采用模拟退火遗传算法进行收费系统寻优的算法，可同时优化出一个收费系统的收费站位置与数量、不同收费站不同收费方式的收费车道数和ETC用户的折扣率等参数，可估算不同收费站TAG的安装率、不同收费车道实际使用量，可模拟不同决策情境下的最佳系统资源配置方案。

Current, the personnel of team of highway project cost basically comes from the unit such as cost management, design, construction and inspect manage, these cost personnel each has his strong point but also be short of somewhat each, although some passing,take an exam through cost engineer, but one part personnel is in short-term inside the requirement that still cannot accord with engineer of highway project cost.

目前，公路工程造价队伍的人员主要来自造价治理、设计、施工及监理等单位，这些造价人员各有所长但也各有所缺，虽然有的通过培训或通过造价工程师考试，但一部分人员在短期内还不能符合公路工程造价工程师的要求。

The Frechet derivative of the cost function is determined via the solution of an adjoint partial differential equation, and the boundary shape is then modified in a direction of descent. This process is repeated until an optimum solution is approached. The advantage is that the cost function variation is independent of the flow field variation, with the result that the gradient of cost function with respect to arbitrary number of design variables can be determined without the need for additional flow-field evaluations. So each design cycle requires the numerical solution of both the flow and the adjoint equations leading to a computational cost roughly equal to the cost of two flow solutions.

虽然他们的研究成果大多数都可以在公开性文献上看到，但是其中一些具体的细节问题的处理方法却没有透露，比如：伴随方程如何离散求解才能减小最终梯度计算中的误差，使得设计过程有效地进行；伴随方程与流动方程的边界条件是不同的，如何合理地处理伴随方程的边界条件，才能推动设计过程朝着设计目标而发展；在减阻问题中目标函数如何定义，求解梯度的具体数学公式如何推导，如何通过数值方法来实现它们等。

This paper presents a notion of airplane-flight pairing assignment cost as the evaluating index, and analyzes three compositions of the costs: flight direct operation cost, flight spill cost and amercement cost, then, educes flight direct operation costaccording to the cost theory lodged by the Air Transportation Association wor.

本文提出飞机-航班节分配成本的概念作为其评估指标，分析该成本的三个组成：航班直接运行成本、航班溢出成本和罚成本，并根据航空运输协会工作组提出的成本理论得出航班直接运行成本，构造旅客溢出的概率模型，引入罚成本的相关系数。

This article analyses the main process of quoting at hydropower project,claims the problems should be paid attention to,and concludes the requirements for a budgeteer,on the basic of the ingredients of total,which is the sum of all the products of quantity and rate consisted by labor cost,material cost,machine cost,other direct cost,indirect cost,profit and tax.

分析了水利水电工程投标报价的主要步骤，提出了报价中应注意的问题，总结了做好报价工作的要求。

The idea of zero cost cycle is devised to solve the critical problem of minimum cost flow. Additional related results obtained include: the theory of bottleneck analysis based on minimum cost augmentation chain and zero cost cycle; the proof of the existence condition and the coherence condition of bottlenecks based on network output; methods to solve various kinds of process bottlenecks; the development of the algorithms of optimization and bottleneck analysis of MCPN (i. e, MCPN-CBA1 and MCPN-CBA2); a series of scheduling strategies and algorithms based on cost analysis, profit evaluation and bottlenecks of process flow line.

四。提出了基于工艺流程成本分析、利润评价的两类生产网络模式：最小成本生产网络和最大利润生产网络；首次提出零成本圈的概念，从而提出并研究了最小费用流的临界问题；创建了基于最小成本增广链、零成本圈的瓶颈分析理论，证明了过程瓶颈的存在性条件以及基于网络加工量的瓶颈一致性条件；给出了求解各类瓶颈的关键技术，研究开发了MCPN的瓶颈分析算法MCPN-CBA1、MCPN-CBA2；提出了一系列基于工艺流程成本分析、利润评价及过程瓶颈的调度策略和调度算法。

Then, I define the concept and composition of financing cost and capital cost, 1 suggest that financing cost is the contract cost of financing, which consists of capital cost and financing fees.

继而，通过对筹资契约签定过程中各种冲突、投资者承受风险的分析，界定了筹资成本和资本成本的概念和构成，认为筹资成本就是筹资契约成本，由资本成本和筹资费用两部分组成。

This study examines the effects of allocative distortions on returns to density and input demand in domestic airlines during 1989-1997 by using a non-minimum cost function from the cost efficiency point of view. We generalize a globally concave and flexible cost function by using the symmetric generalized McFadden cost function to accommodate allocative distortions for domestic airlines, and estimating the density economies with and without allocative distortions as well as its effect on cost efficiency.

故本研究透过成本效率的观点，使用符合全面凹性更具弹性之对称性一般化影子成本函数来检视国内各航空公司民国78-86年期间之分配扭曲对密度报酬、投入要素需求量（劳动、燃油、固定要素及其他）及成本的影响，以了解各航空公司无效率之所在。

Quality cost calculating system is an important part of enterprise's quality cost management in Advanced Manufacturing Environment,pointed out that quality cost must be re-identification under the concept of"reasonable quality",the name of quality cost account、the calculating range of quality cost account and their corresponding relationship must be clearly defined.

提出了在先进制造环境中，质量成本核算体系是企业开展质量成本管理的重要内容，指出必须在"合理质量"观念下重新界定质量成本，对质量成本核算科目的名称、核算范围以及对应关系进行明确的规范，设计符合先进制造环境要求的质量成本核算体系

Summary In copyright infringement cases,if the alleged infringer uses or even plagiarizes the copyrighted works or parts thereof,which causes no substantially adverse effect on the normal exploitation of the work,nor does it inflict any substantial damages to the right owner,the de minis doctrine should be applied to exempt the liabilities of the defendant and seek the balance of interests between the right owner and the general public embodied by the copyright law.

在侵犯著作权案件中，如果被控侵权行为人虽未经著作权人的同意，使用甚至抄袭了受著作权保护的作品或作品的片段，但若情节轻微，未对该作品的正常使用产生任何实质不利的影响，亦未对权利人的权利造成实质性的损害，则应适用&不计琐细原则&，免除行为人的责任，以寻求在权利人利益与著作权法所体现的社会公共利益之间的平衡。

This new product will become our best seller.

这个新产品会成为我们最畅销的产品。