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Compared with the existing finite element eigenanalysis method[8]for asymptotic fields near the crack tip, current method has the following several characteristics: The jump-off that educes the virtue work formula is different; when solving the characteristic formula with FEM, the form of the element is non-confirming element; the singular transformation technique is not used in the assumption of displacement fields surrounding the wedge tip.

该方法与过去的有限元特征分析方法[8]相比的显著特点是：导出虚功原理的出发点不同；有限元单元形式为非协调元；楔形体端部邻域内的位移场假定没有采用奇异变换技术。

Employed the Hamiltonian system theories of elastic mechanics, a series of crack singular analytical elements satisfying different boundary conditions along crack surfaces in the vicinity of crack tip are constructed. These hyper-elements can describe the crack tip fields accurately for different simplified fracture models.

应用弹性力学哈密顿体系理论，在裂纹尖端构造出满足不同裂纹表面边界条件的一类裂纹奇异解析元，该类超级单元能够准确描述不同简化模型下的裂纹尖端场。

There are the following several points different from existing finite element eigenanalysis methods for asymptotic fields near the crack tip:(1)The jump-off that educes the formula is different.(2)The form of the element is a ad hoc element.(3)The singular transformation technique is not used in the assumption of displacement fields surrounding the wedge tip.

该方法与过去原有求解裂纹端部近似场的有限元特征分析方法有几点不同：(1)导出公式的出发点不同；(2)单元形式为高次内插单元；(3)尖劈端部邻域内的位移场假定没有采用奇异变换技术。

Carefully, and pay much attention to the selection of the soldering iron tip and temperature contact of the tip.

因此，使用电烙铁手工焊接时应仔细操作，并对电烙铁的尖端的选择和尖端温度控制应多加小心。

By this model, the formation of a spindle-shaped tip at the early stage of the ball forming process and the liquid metal wrapping around the solid copper wire tip can be explained, and thus the basis for controlling ball quality is established.

利用这一模型可以很好地解释铜丝在形球时产生纺棰形"尖刺"以及液态金属沿固态金属丝上衰的原因，从而为控制形球质量奠定了基础。

According to instantaneous velocity fields and vorticity fields measured with SPIV, detailed analysis of the evolution of tip leakage vortex at both design and near stall conditions is presented in this thesis and the different phases of the evolution of the tip leakage vortex, the formation, becoming unstable and the interaction between small-scale vortices and the mainstream can be clearly observed in the experiment results.

SPIV测量结果表明压气机转子叶尖泄漏涡在设计和近失速状态下均存在形成、发展壮大和失稳分裂的演化过程。

Detailed work have done at four aspects as follows: the usage of SPIV in multistage turbomachinery; the study of compressor rotor tip complex flow with SPIV; the study of compressor stator tip complex flow with Rotor/Stator interaction and the detailed analysis and comparison of the unsteady flow field respectively obtained by CFD and experiment investigation.

详细本文主要以SPIV非定常实验测量和CFD非定常数值模拟为工具，研究叶轮机端壁复杂流动的一些机理性问题，围绕四个方面开展了叶轮机端壁非定常流动方面的研究工作：适用于多级叶轮机械使用的SPIV技术；压气机转子尖区复杂流动；动静叶干扰条件下压气机静子内尖区非定常流动；以及非定常数值模拟结果与非定常实验测量结果的对比。

The 8004 plastic tip (Fig. 1) will provide a 80 degree spray. This sprayer tip should

8004塑料头（如图1所示）将提供80度的喷雾效果。

Leaves in opposite pairs, thin coriaceous, oblong, or phi needle-shaped, long 6-14 cm, the top length gradually sharp, pointed or slightly blunt wedge base, edges wavy or light wavy; petiole length 8-15 mm; stipule wide and triangular, was born in the Ministry of young vine at the top of drill-like long-tip , was born in the old vine, 3-6 mm long, the top regular convex tip.

叶对生，薄革质，矩圆形或披针形，长6—14厘米，顶端长渐尖，基部楔尖或略钝，边缘波状或浅波状；叶柄长8—15毫米；托叶宽三角形，生于幼枝上部的顶端钻状长尖，生于老枝上的长3—6毫米，顶端常凸尖。

The nature of a tip leakage vortex observed in a rotor tip region has been studied by many researchers because of its important role on the flow field; for example, Inoue and Kuroumaru [1], Storer andCumpsty [2], and Lakshminarayana et al.

Zoue和Kuroumaru、Store和Cumpsty、Lakshminarayana等都从事该方面的研究。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐