查询词典 three-dimension space

So far, there have been three typical concepts of space,which are space of the organism, space of perception and abstract space from lower to higher levels.

迄今为止，已经形成从低向高的三种类型的空间概念，即有机体空间、知觉空间和抽象空间。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component. For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper. For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space state informatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision. Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为（n-1）维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料（单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待）、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

This paper presents an IFMC CAD model that consits of a geometry model and a material model, in which the geometry space acts as a base space and the material space acts as a bundle space. In this CAD model, the geometry model is based on the non-manifold model. In addition, a half-face data sturucture, which is derived from the half-edge data structure with the non-manifold feature of IFMC taken into account, is adopted to represent the geometry and topology information of the component.For the material model of IFMC, this paper focuses on the FGM component representation firstly and present a simplex-subdivision based CAD data exchange format, in which the material information is represented as a (n-1) simplex and material .distributing feature is represented by the interpolation on the simplex-subdivision. Based on those, a part-building orientation optimization algorithm and an adaptive slicing algorithm for FGM component are presented in the paper.For the IFMC material model, the IFMC material information representation is divided into a meso-scale and a macro-scale representation. In the meso-scale, a concept named parameterized periodic functional meso-structure is presented as a unique form to represent the FGM (the homogeneous materials are regarded as a special FGM), the composite and the functional meso-structure material. The model of PMS is a three-tuple that contains the space stateinformatation, the material parameter and the material meso-scale distribution feature. The macro-scale material information representation is similar to the FGM components by interpolation of the control parameter of the periodical functional meso-structure based on the simplex-subdivision.Through an example of manufacturing-oriented IFMC CAD data processing, it is proved that the IFMC CAD model and the material information representation and process method proposed in this paper can provide a reliable data support for IFMC digital concurrent design and manufacturing.

本文将理想材料零件CAD模型建立在以几何空间为底空间、以材料空间为丛空间的结构上，使用非流形几何模型作为理想材料零件几何拓扑模型的基础，并在半边数据结构基础上，针对理想材料零件的非流形特征局限内部边界上的特点，给出了一个半面数据结构来表述零件的几何拓扑信息；对于理想材料零件的材料模型，本文先从功能梯度材料零件的信息表述与CAD数据交换和处理入手，将材料信息表述为(n-1)维单纯形，然后通过对三维几何区域的单纯剖分，以插值的方式表述零件材料分布特征；在此基础上，根据功能梯度材料零件分层制造中对CAD数据处理的要求，给出了综合考虑零件几何特征与材料特征的生长方向优化算法和自适应切片算法；而对于文中所定义的理想材料零件，本文将其材料信息表述分解到细观和宏观两个尺度进行，首先给出了细观尺度上参数化的周期性功能细结构概念，以此来统一表述功能梯度材料(单质材料作为特殊的功能梯度材料看待)、复合材料和功能细结构材料；把周期性功能细结构模型化为一个包含空间状态信息、材料构成参数和材料细观分布特征参数的三元组，以表达零件的细观材料特征；对于零件宏观的材料变化特征，则同样在几何区域单纯剖分的基础上，通过对细观尺度上周期性功能细结构控制参数的插值来完成；通过理想材料零件CAD数据处理的算例，验证了本文中理想材料零件CAD模型及材料信息表述与处理方法完全可以为理想材料零件的数字化制造提供可靠的数据支持。

It′s topological properties are studied,three equivalent conditions of which topological space is discrete space and one equivalent condition of which topological space is mediocre space are abtained.

以离散参数马尔可夫链状态空间E为集合定义该集合上的一个拓扑T，研究它的拓扑性质，得到拓扑空间是离散空间的三个等价刻画以及是平庸空间的一个等价刻画。

The thesis tries making this three innovations: 1 based on the western literatures, gives a new conceptual framework of spatial structure research, which is society, technology and space entia; 2 brings forward physical space, virtual space and gray space; 3 constitutes a new development pattern, i.

本文在以下三方面做出了创新尝试：(1)在西方相关研究基础上，提出了空间结构研究的概念性框架，即社会技术空间统一体。(2)对信息时代空间形态进行了分类，首次提出了实体空间、虚体空间和灰体空间。

According to Perroux's theory, there are three types of economic space:(1) space defined by a plan;(2) space defined as a field of forces and (3) space defined as a homogeneous aggregate.

这些经济空间都可以从计划、力场和匀质性等三个方面来界定和认识，从而解读企业经济活动、国民经济乃至世界经济发展变化的规律。

Three counter-examples of topological space are proposed in this study: There are two metric spaces, X and Y, in which and are isometric, whileand are not isometric; Non-metric tight regular space is a counter-example of the separation of topological space; No non-zero continuous linear functionals of the linear topological space is a counter-example of linear topological space.

这里给出三个反例，存在两个度量空间X与Y，使X^2与Y^2等距而X与Y并不等距是拓扑空间中的反例；存在不可度量化的紧的完全正规空间是拓扑空间分离性的反例；不存在非零连续线性泛函的线性拓扑空间是线性拓扑空间的反例。

In chapter one,the backgrounds and current situation of operator theory in Banach space are introduced and the preliminaries of Banach space are given.In chapter two,we study the existence and uniqueness of fixed point for decreasing strict-set-contraction operator in product space.Under the weak continuous condition,we obtain the existence and uniqueness of fixed point for decreasing operator and we give an application of these results; In chapter three,we get several positive fixed point theorems of decreasing operator and the existence and uniqueness theorems of positive fixed point for operator C=A+B,C=D-A in real Banach space where the order is decided by a normal cone; In chapter four,we obtained some existence and uniqueness theorems of fixed point for some mixed monotone operators in semi-ordered Banach space.

在第一章中，主要介绍了半序Banach空间非线性算子的研究历史背景、现状以及半序Banach空间中的预备知识；在第二章中，我们利用半序方法研究了Banach乘积空间中严格集压缩减算子不动点存在唯一性问题，在弱连续的条件下，得到了不动点的存在唯一性和迭代收敛性，同时，给出了它们的一些应用；在第三章中，我们建立了拟弱连续减算子的正不动点定理，并证明了算子C=A+B，C=D-A的正不动点存在唯一性定理；在第四章中，我们得到了半序Banach空间中混合单调算子的不动点存在性及唯一性定理。

In western painting it came from the primitive society when a few space factors appeared in the mural paintings sketched out by single line, the Greek bottle picture with the simple perspectivity, the Rome mural painting in which the perspectivity was originated, the Middle Ages when the perspectivity develop relatively slowly, the Renaissauce when the perspectivity highly developed, the Post Impressionism when Cezanne reformed the structure of space subjectively and orderly to open the gate of Modern Art, the 21 Century when the space was des-constructed and the idea of space developed pluratislically, at last the beginning of Actionism , to reach the end of the development of the space in painting, so to achieve the return from the three-dimensional illusion to the reality.

西方绘画由原始社会单线勾勒的壁画中极少的空间因素的运用，继而希腊瓶画中简单的透视。罗马时期透视法的萌芽，中世纪的相对滞缓的发展，文艺复兴时期对自然完善的表现至塞尚，则开启了现代艺术中空间主观化、秩序化的先河，进而出现二十世纪绘画空间解构、重组、多元化发展的状况，行为艺术的产生，实现了绘画空间由三维幻象到真实的还原，成为西方绘画的空间发展历程的终结点。

The dissertation consists of three parts: firstly, the purpose 、 significance and the methods of the papers were demonstrated;and then, after researching in the traditional Chinese art and modern architecture with analogizing、 deducting research methods, this paper raise the theoretical basis of expressing "Architectural Conception" in the public building entrance space base on confining the concept . Finally, based on the former study, to the basic concepts to the creation of artistic conception in entrance space as a guide, this thesis focus on how to use the public building entrance spaces constituent elements to create space artistic conception, and analysis the methods of artistic conception creation in the entrance space of different types of construction simplify. This paper could be regarded as a reference of the research and practical operation on the theory of public building entrance space design, at the same time, a more humanity entrance circumstance for people could be provided.

全文共分三大部分：首先对论文研究的目的、意义、方法等进行了阐述；其次在对论文的相关概念进行界定后，运用类比、演绎的写作方法，在对中国传统艺术及现代建筑中意境的创造进行了借鉴研究后，进一步提出了公共建筑入口空间之&建筑意&表达的理论基础；最后在前文研究的基础上，以入口空间意境创造的基本观点为思想指导，重点阐述了如何运用公共建筑入口空间的构成要素来营造空间意境，并简单分析了不同建筑类型中入口空间意境营造的方法，期望在为公共建筑入口空间设计理论的研究和实际运作提供参考的同时，能为人们营造一个更加人性化的空间环境。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失