查询词典 three character primer

The method is just like the QuikChange site-directed mutagenesis method except for its special primer. This pair of primers is composed of a long primer and a short primer which is central overlapped.Both of the Tm of 5\'sequence in long primer and Tm of 3\'sequence in short primer are above 66℃.The Tm of short primer is almost half of that of long primer.It is convenient to perform insertion or substitution mutation of DNA fragments larger than 20bp,In addition,it is highly applicable in research about the deletion mutation of DNA fragments larger than 2000bp.

我们实验室一直在寻找一种简单高效的可以用于基因的删除、插入及替代突变的方法，通过大量研究和实验发现，可以使用一种基于反向PCR原理，使用全新的引物设计的突变方法——&COP&突变法，该方法采用与QuikChange点突变法相同的操作步骤，其策略是设计一对中心重合的引物，长引物的5\'端序列和3\'端序列的Tm值均不低于66℃，短引物Tm值约为长引物一半，且与长引物中心重合互补。

The invention discloses a method to analyze fish genetic information with mitochondria DNA D-loop controlling zone, which comprises the following steps:(1) extracting genom DNA and mitochondria DNA of fish;(2) designing simple primer in fish mitochondria DNA D-loop controlling zone; possessing twenty one basic groups CAC CCY TRR CTC CCA AAG CYA in upstream primer MitD1-F; possessing twenty three basic groups GGT GCG GRK ACT TGC ATG TRT AA in downstream primer MitD1-R;(3) proceeding PCR reaction under the function of primer;(4) choosing agarose jel electrophoresis;(5) checking sequence for augment mtDNA D-loop gene fragment.

本发明公开了一种利用线粒体DNA D-loop控制区进行鱼类遗传信息分析的方法。它包括如下步骤：(1)分别提取鱼类基因组DNA和线粒体DNA；(2)在鱼类线粒体DNA D-loop控制区设计简并引物：其上游引物MitD1-F有21个碱基：CAC CCY TRR CTC CCA AAG CYA；下游引物MitD1-R有23个碱基：GGT GCG GRK ACT TGC ATG TRT AA；(3)在引物的作用下进行PCR反应；(4)琼脂糖凝胶电泳；(5)对扩增的mtDNA D-loop基因片断进行测序。

In these portion,the article begins the study of tone sandhi from the point view of two-character phrases and three-character phrases,which is also the focus and difficult point as well.On the basis of substantial materials of Dingzhou dialect,the author elaborates its rules and principles of tone sandhi of the general phrases and those with light tones,and reiterative location.the author puts his views as follows: 1.The rules of tone sandhi of two- character phrase are simple and unitive. 2.The complex of the phrase with light tones lies in the combination of the first tone and light tone.In the case,there are two different pronunciations in Dingzhou dialect.The author guesses it is the coexist of ancient pronunciations and common spoken Chinese. 3.The tone sandhi of general three-character phrases on the basis of the rules of that of two- character phrases,using the grammar structure of the three-character phrases as the restricted conduction,which function jointly. 4.The rules of tone sandhi of three- character phrases with light tones are restricted only by that of the two- character phrases with light tones and thus are foreign to grammar structure. 5.The tone sandhi of the words with reiterative location has their own system.

这两章中，作者采用直接调查法，社会语言学方法分别从一般字组、含轻声字组和叠音词字组三个方面对定州方言连读变调进行详尽地描写，文章中既有对连读变调的共时性描写，也有对连读变调历时性推测，总的来讲笔者认为定州方言变调具有一定的系统性，主要表现在以下几个方面：两字组连读变调规律简单统一，含轻声字两字组内部规律较为复杂，但是具有很强的一致性；定州方言含轻声两字组变调的复杂性主要表现在阴平+轻声的组合中，在这种情况下，定州方言有两种读音方式，推测它是语音存古现象和普通话语音并存的结果；一般三字组连读变调以两字组连读变调规律为基础，以三字组的语法结构为制约条件，二者共同发生作用；轻声三字组变调规律只受轻声两字组变调规律的制约，与语法结构无关；叠音词的变调规律自成系统。

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Three primer pairs located in psbA~trnK, psbB~psbH and trnR-ACG~trnN-GUU regions were applied in phylogenetic analysis according to Maximum parsimony and Neighbor-joining methods. The consistent results between the phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy indicated the application potential of the three primer pairs in phylogenetic analysis and species identification. However, due to no sequence variation observed in amplified regions between two vegetable soybean varieties (KS5 and KS8), two cowpea subspecies (Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindrica and Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis), and among three rice varieties (TNG67, TK9, and TCS10), the three primer pairs are not effective in identifying variation within species.

选择其中三组引子对(基因体位置为psbA~trnK、psbB~psbH及trnR-ACG~trnN-GUU)增幅片段之序列进行亲缘分析，以最大简约法及邻接法之分群结果皆与目前植物分类相符，故三组引子对在物种间亲缘关系分析及物种鉴定上都有不错的效果，位於psbA~trnK及psbB~psbH之引子对效果尤佳，但是三组引子对在物种内变异的辨识效果不甚理想，在两个毛豆品种间(高雄5号与高雄8号)、两个豇豆亚种间及三个水稻品种间(台农67号、台稉9号与台中秈10号)的增幅片段没有明显差异存在。

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2 STR-PCR We analysed the results of STR with the silver dye in the beginning. The silver dye of STR analysis on a sporadic DMD family shows the band confirmation is subjective by eyeballing. It can not detect the small repeats and the size of polymorphic fragments. For limitation of the silver dye, we analysed the band size of STR with the SAGAGT Genotyping System. Primer are designed according to the nucleotide sequence of five STR markers (located in 5' terminus and intron 44, 45, 49, 50) of dystrophin gene. The 5' end of the forward primer are attached a M13 tailed primer which conjugated to the infrared flourescent dye.

根据dystrophin基因5个多态位点（44、45、49和50号内含子以及5'端启动子区的序列）设计引物，在这些STR的上游引物5'端加一可被红外线荧光物质IRDye700识别标记的M13fw的尾：CAC GACGTT GTA AAA CGA C 通过PCR扩增出重复序列本身，经高分辨率的变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后，利用红外激光遗传分析系统及SAGA〓基因分型软件对凝胶上的扩增产物及内标的位置，进行扫描分析，确定产物片段的大小。

The typical spot symptoms on fruit would decrease the production and merchandise of tomato in the heavy rain of June and July; therefore, the key period for disease control is after rainy season. Quick identification on pathogen was using PCR. 1476bp band was amplified by primer P3、P4of bacterial speck. By using primer CMM5、CMM6 for bacterial canker, 614bp fragment was amplified. These PCR tests provided important foundation for pathogen identification and disease diagnoses. Using primer RST65 and RST69 for bacterial spot, expected 420bp band was not amplified.

通过聚合酶链式反应对病原进行快速鉴定，证明加工番茄细菌性斑点病用引物P3、P4可以得到一条大小为1476bp的特异性条带，番茄细菌性溃疡用CMM5、CMM6可以扩增出一条大小为614bp的特异性条带，这为病害的快速诊断打下了基础，但利用引物RST65和RST69对番茄细菌性疮痂病进行鉴定，没有得到预期420bp的目标条带，故对细菌性疮痂病的快速检测还有待继续研究。

Methods Using the well-conserved regions of the DNA polymerase gene in human herpesviruses,we synthesized two pairs of primer,including one pair of primer designed to amplify herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2,Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus,another pair of primer to varicella-zoster virus and human herpesvirus 6 by PCR.

2 0 0 2年 1～ 12月浙江大学儿童医院在疱疹类病毒高度同源序列DNA多聚酶基因中设计两对通用引物，该引物能同时扩增单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型、爱泼斯坦—马尔病毒、人巨细胞病毒、水痘带状疱疹病毒和人类疱疹病毒 6型(HHV6) 6种病毒。

The result would be used in tobacco breeding.4 SRAP technology is used to study the genetic differences among different types of tobacco, including flue-cured tobacco, oriental tobacco, maryland tobacco, burley tobacco, and air/sun cured tobacco, five pairs of primer combinations which can amplify characteristic bands has been screened. Among the five combinations, two of them (SF25*SR2 and SF3*SR26) can distinguish air-cured tobacco including maryland tobacco and Burley tobacco from the other cultivated forms; SF20*SR14 can distinguish sun cured tobacco including oriental tobacco and sun-cured tobacco; SF16*SR14 can distinguish flue-cured tobacco and air-cured tobacco, and SF22*SR14 can distinguish DBJ599 with specisl aroma and the other flue-cured tobacco.5 8 varieties , which represent the different types of tobacco, are divided into 3 groups. I: G-28, II:DBJ599、MD40、By21, III: Basma、Sumsun、XNS、QCT. The cluster analysis result es consistant with experience evatuation.6 Anorthogonal design was used to optimize a ILP-PCR system with 5 factors (DNA, Mg2+, dNTP, primer and Taq polymerase) at 4 levels.The result showed the optimized ILP-PCR system for Nicotiana tabacum L. was: 2uL10×PCRbuffer, 20ng template DNA, Mg2+ 2.0mmol/L, dNTP 150umol/L, primer 0.3umol/L, Taq DNA polymerase 1 U in a total of 20uL reactionsolution.

研究结果可作为烤烟与香料烟类型间的杂种鉴定利用的实验与理论依据。4、利用SRAP标记技术，研究和分析了烤烟、晒烟、晾烟、白肋烟、香料烟等不同栽培类型间的基因型差异，初步筛选出了能够在分子水平上反映不同烟草类型差异的特征性标记带：晾烟MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90基因型共有的特征带有两对引物组合，分别为SF25*SR2和SF3*SR26；晒烟小牛舌、青梗、小花青和香料烟Sumsun、komotini Basma、Xanthi Basma共有的特征带引物组合为SF20*SR14；NC89、K326、G-28、大白筋和MD40、Ky17、Burley21、TN90共有的特征带引物组合为SF16*SR14，烤烟中大白筋599的特征带引物组合SF22*SR14.5、利用61对SRAP引物组合，研究了普通烟草不同类型间的亲缘关系，将普通烟草类型间8个不同供试材料划分为3类别。I：烤烟类型G-28II：白肋烟类型(MD40、By21、大白筋599III：香料烟类型(Basma、Sumsun、小牛舌、千层塔)。

Alternatively, the con- trollers can use the synchronous rectifier itself or loss- less inductor current-sensing methods to provide overload protection with lower power dissipation.

另外，康威特罗勒斯可以使用同步整流器本身或亏损减少电感电流检测方法，以提供低功耗过载保护。

Mr. Dauber's other Schatz hangs in his home movie studio.

多伯把沙兹的另一件作品挂在家里的电影室。