查询词典 thinking of logic

The concept of relative Γ-tautology degree of formulas in four important propositional logics, Lukasiewicz logic, L(superscript *) logic, Gdel logic and product logic, has been proposed, and basic properties of it are obtained.

基于广义重言式理论，在四种重要的命题逻辑系统Lukasiewicz系统，L系统，Gdel系统和Ⅱ系统中，引入了公式的相对Γ-重言度概念，给出了相对Γ-重言度的若干性质。

R.Carnap's meaning theory is a milestone of history of logic. It has great influences on many branches of logic such as modal logic and Montagu's intension logic.

卡尔纳普的意义理论是逻辑学发展史上的一个重要的环节，对逻辑学的许多分支如模态逻辑、蒙塔古内涵逻辑等发生过重大影响。

Logic such as knowledge logic, belief 1ogi, and so on, can be regarded as a "positive" logic, and doubting logic as a "negative" one.

如果说知道逻辑、信念逻辑都是"正"的逻辑的话，那麽怀疑逻辑则是"负"的逻辑。

It is also used to generate SPICE stimulus waveforms for these special sequential logic circuits quickly according to user's logic parameter specifications, as can speed up the logic parameter extraction process and guarantee a proper SPICE simulation waveform for the logic extraction.

提出了对具有反馈信息的时序逻辑电路进行逻辑参数提取时用于SPICE模拟的激励波形自动生成方法，该方法能根据用户指定的要提取的时延参数要求，很快产生这种时序逻辑电路的模拟激励波形，从而可以加快逻辑参数的提取过程，保证参数提取激励波形的正确性。

In this part, the paper inspects and studies Lukasiewicz"s 3-valued logic, the truth function of 3-valued logic, the study of axiomatized system of Lukasiewicz"s 3-valued logic and the many-valued generalizations of Lukasiewiczs 3-valued logic, etc.

在这一部分中，文章考察的内容主要有卢卡西维茨的三值逻辑理论、三值逻辑的真值函项、卢卡西维茨的三值逻辑的公理化研究和卢卡西维茨的三值逻辑的推广等。

Based on the field work among the Azande and the analysis of ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide factual information for the argument for the "culture-based relativity of logic" in a descriptive way. Taking the deductive method as the classical research method, this paper argues for the existence of the culture-based relativity of logic in modern culture and other cultures. The validity of this argument is based on the findings of ethnographic as well as historical studies. This paper also seeks to prove by studying the interactions between different languages and ways of life that the classical research method was also built on cultural relativity.

对阿赞得人的田野考察报告，以及中国古代逻辑和佛教逻辑的研究成果，从描述的角度为&逻辑相对于文化&这一命题提供事实根据；采用演绎论证作为元方法说明现代文化中的逻辑和其他文化的逻辑在现代文化中的译本具有文化相对性；借助民族志和历史学研究成果说明其他文化的逻辑本身也具有的文化相对性；通过语言博弈和生活形式概念说明作为元方法的演绎论证同样具有文化相对性。

This is a criticism of the main point and the way of argument in Concept of Logic by Wang Lu. Wang's main point (the only object of logic is necessary inference and the nature of logic is necessity) failed completely to meet with the historical facts of the brith and development of the science of logic.

本文是对王路《逻辑的观念》一书基本观点(逻辑的对象仅仅是必然性推理，逻辑的内在机制是必然地得出)及其论证手法的批评：该书的基本观点完全不符合古今中外逻辑科学产生和发展的历史事实，其论证手法是&偷换和歪曲&。

Comparing withHayek's theory on society method, I believe constitution litigationmechanism must considering the following conclusion in modelingconstitutional method: first, the acquiring of constitutional method isusually effects system vicissitudes. Although constitutional arbitramentcan form definite constitutional method, it can't achieve perduringsubstantial results level of method; secondly, constitutional method isformed virtually by the mixture of two kind of potence, and one is socialpotence, the other is governmental potence. The constitutional method'srationality in logic structure rests directly with the wrestling process ofconstitutional logic and social process. Constitutional method is more akind of simulative conformation of natural logic and social logic, itforms by the wrestling of government, public, legislature andconstitution judging organ. Fourthly, the maintenance of constitutionalmethod depends on the inner power sustained by faith and exteriorpower coming from the background of compulsion. Fifthly,constitutional method itself is a dynamic structure, and it's realizingquomodo and vindicating means is being in vicissitude, however, it canonly provide condition and inspiritment.

对照哈耶克的社会秩序理论，笔者认为，宪法诉讼机制在型构宪政秩序时必然要照顾到以下结论：其一，宪政秩序的取得，往往是一个制度自然变迁的结果，宪法裁决虽然也可能在短期内形成一定的宪法秩序，不过却无法强行地达到一个较大范围内持久的秩序实效水准；其二，宪政秩序实际上是由两种力量交合而成的，一是社会力量，一是政府力量，宪政秩序的逻辑结构的合理性直接取决于宪法逻辑和社会逻辑之间的博弈过程；其三，宪政秩序更多的是一种对自然逻辑和社会逻辑的模拟形态，是经由政府、公众、立法机关与宪法裁判机构的合作博弈而形成的，宪法诉讼的功用至多在于提供博弈规则，以实现纳什均衡；其四，宪政秩序的维护主要依靠来自信念支持的内部力量与来自强制背景的外部力量；其五，宪政秩序本身是一个动态的、常新的结构，其实现方式与维护手段也处于不断变迁之中，但无论如何，宪法诉讼机制所能提供的只是制约与激励两种。

He made a comparative analysis on Chinese nominalistic logic with Western Aristotles logic and Indian classical logic, and revealed the main content of logic of Moism, including basic concept, principle of inference, induction ect.

本文拟从以下几个方面对梁启超的逻辑——方法论思想进行分析评述： 1、梁启超取得逻辑——方法论研究成就的历史条件：①清代诸子学的考证训诂成果使《墨子》一书稍可读通；②西学输入促进了梁启超对中国古典逻辑的研究；③研究墨学和科学的逻辑方法，为宣传维新变法思想提供方法论武器；④梁启超对墨子及墨家学说的主观偏爱。

With the background of application of fuzzy control techniques to a rather typical complex control system, gas-burning water heater, theories, applications and techniques of fuzzy information processing have been studies. The obtained results include:(1) For lattice-valued logic systems based on lattice implication algebras, two dynamical lattice-valued propositional logic Lvpl and lattice-valued first-order logic Lvfl have been constructed, and some theories and methods of fuzzy reasoning have been proposed based on fuzzy set theory and multi-valued logic.(2) Some methods for designing and optimizing fuzzy control systems and some corresponding control algorithms have been proposed, and some new theories and methods for fuzzy control rule base and fuzzy control system performance analysis have been introduced.(3) 6 fuzzy control systems have been developed, and some difficult problems on craft of manufacture, batch consistency, quality stability, installation and main

本项目以模糊控制技术用于燃气热水器这一较典型的复杂控制系统为应用背景，在模糊信息处理的理论、应用和技术三个层次开展了相关的研究工作：(1)进一步研究了基于格蕴涵代数的格值逻辑系统，建立了两种动态的格值命题逻辑Lvpl和格值一阶逻辑Lvfl，并基于模糊集理论和多值逻辑提出了多种模糊推理的理论与方法；(2)提出了模糊控制系统的多种设计及优化方法与控制算法，建立了模糊控制规则库和模糊控制系统性能分析的一些新理论与新方法；(3)研制完成了6个模糊控制系统，还特别解决了模糊控制燃气热水器和智能控制燃气热水器在产业化过程中的生产工艺、批量一致、质量稳定、安装维修和性能价格等一系列难题，做好了批量生产前的技术准备，现已小批量生产。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。