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The effect of time step of thermal loads and the element size on numerical simiulation of thermal stress was studied by the bow-shaped frame castings.

应用应力框灰铸铁试件研究了温度载荷的时间步长和有限元网格尺寸大小等因素对铸件热应力数值模拟结果的影响。

Common transparent quartz tube SiO2 more than 99.9% purity, geometry, chemical stability, thermal stability, resistance to thermal denaturation and anti-crystallization properties of the fine, optical transmittance above 93%; from hydroxyl in hydroxyl tube below 10ppm, after vacuum from hydroxyl, hydroxy-up to 5ppm below apply to high-pressure mercury lamp, sodium lamp, metal halide lamp, such as low-hydroxy products; white pipe, used mainly for heating tube, heating tube, far infrared control the manufacture, milky quartz pearl quartz tube possession of new technology, the management side as if the surface of pearls, all aspects of performance than ordinary white tube better; filter tube to filter out ultraviolet UV band in the harmful wavelengths of 190-320nm ultraviolet light source applied to environmental protection manufacturing; no ozone UV filter tube and pipe the contrary, through the ultraviolet wavelength around 253.7nm, there is no ozone UV lamp main material, widely used in medical equipment, water treatment, food hygiene, such as sterilization; quartz casing diameter 8-120mm in between, has a single opening, double opening round, flat-top shape and widen the mouth of necking, flanging, sanding and other processing, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, good light transmission and moisture-proof, explosion-proof characteristics such as widely used in aquarium thermostat, disinfection equipment, heating pipes, water treatment, metal halide lamp, such as product manufacturing and environmental protection, health, chemical and other fields; quartz Clamshell specifications 8-180mm, the shape according to the customer requirements, the bubble shell can take capillary has to carry out the exhaust, high temperature, light transmission is good, mainly for JC, JD, H1-H7, the stage lights and high-pressure mercury lamp, sodium lamp, metal halide lamp, such as product manufacturing; quartz water jacket mainly used in printing and packaging processing industry ---- UV light-curing, UV light curing is a very reliable and can be used to replace hot air dryers and other drying technique of curing technology, which in the printing and packaging of the processing industry has been widely.

普通透明石英管SiO2纯度达99.9%以上，几何尺寸、化学稳定性、热稳定性、抗热变性和抗析晶性能优良，光学透过率达93%以上；脱羟管羟基在10ppm以下，经过真空脱羟，羟基可达5ppm以下，适用于高压汞灯、钠灯、金卤灯等低羟基产品；乳白管，主要用于发热管、加热管、远红外管的制造，珠光石英管乳白石英管之新工艺，管面好象珍珠的表面，各方面性能比普通乳白管更优；滤紫外线管能够滤除紫外光谱波段中对人体有害的190-320nm波长的紫外线，适用于环保光源的制造；无臭氧管与滤紫外线管相反，可透过253.7nm左右波长的紫外线，是无臭氧紫外线杀菌灯的主要材料，广泛用于医疗器械、水处理、食品卫生等杀菌；石英套管直径范围在8-120mm之间，有单开口、双开口、圆头、平头等外形和扩口、缩口、翻边、磨砂等加工，具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、透光性好及防潮、防爆等特点，广泛使用于水族恒温器、消毒设备、加热管、水处理、金卤灯等产品的制造和环保、卫生、化工等领域；石英泡壳规格Φ8-180mm，形状根据客户要求，泡壳上可以接有毛细管，可进行排气，耐高温，透光性好，主要用于JC、JD、H1-H7、舞台灯和高压汞灯、钠灯、金卤灯等产品的制造；石英水套主要用于印刷和包装加工工业---- UV光固化， UV光固化是一种十分可靠的、可取代热空气干燥机和其他干燥技术的固化技术，它在印刷和包装加工工业已经得到广泛应用。

In this paper, silica was selected to improve the hardness of silicone rubber, cerium dioxide was selected to improve the thermal stability, we also investigated the effect of different size and different dosage of cerium dioxide to the thermal stability of high hardness silicone rubber, and analysed elasticity especially.

通过添加气相法白炭黑增加硅橡胶硬度，添加金属氧化物改善硅橡胶热稳定性。

In order to optimize the design of hot blast stove, a model of heat transfer in chamber of hot blast stove was developed and the software based on the model was established. The effect of the checker thermal characteristics such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density etc on the temperature of blast and checkers,the heat accumulation and heat release of checkers was determined.

为优化热风炉设计，建立了热风炉蓄热室内传热过程的数学模型，制作了应用程序软件，探讨了不同的格子砖物性参数，如导热系数、比热容和密度等对格子砖温度场分布、气体温度分布以及格子砖蓄热量和放热量的影响。

The control thermal resistance is that of natural convection and thus heat pipe radiator can be simplified as a vertical plate channel heat radiator. The influence of tilt angle to thermal resistance of heat pipe radiator is also discussed in this paper.

该散热器的控制热阻为翅片与空气间的自然对流热阻，其间的传热可简化为倾斜通道自然对流的传热，在竖直平板通道模型的基础上加以翅片倾斜角度的修正。

Deep water paper, thermal fax paper, Sham Tseng polyester cardboard, Sham Tseng pressure records paper, electroenciphalogram paper, low voltage electric susceptibility, oscilloscopic using paper, elctroacoustic paper, force are paper, meteorological record sheets and regulator inked ribbons for paper, thermal paper, ECG velcanized, bolgarii fax paper, spark a transcript of the shadow fax paper, pH test strip velcanized, hydrogen sulfide, carbon paper analysis paper, multi-powder-electrogenerated paper, sound paper, instrument records velcanized, potassium chloride punch holes in the paper, paper, electrostatic aunt of paper.

深井抗水记录纸、热感传真纸、深井涤纶卡纸、深井压力记录纸、脑电图纸、低电压电敏纸、示波用记录纸、电声纸、力感记录纸、气象记录纸、校表仪墨带纸、热敏记录纸、心电图原纸、火花传真纸、火花誊影传真纸、pH试纸原纸、硫化氢分析纸、碳素纸、湿式电化学记录纸、声芯纸、仪表记录原纸、氯化钾记录纸、打孔记录纸、静电姨妈纸。

Based on the work flow of charging equipment, three worst work conditions of the clack box were defined. Then, based on thermal-structure coupled theory, the thermal-structure coupled of the clack box which suffered from mechanical and temperature load was analyzed using the powerful software ANSYS. The clack box's temperature field and stress field as well as the stress spectrum of danger area in actual working condition were obtained. Finally, based on crack initiation and crack extension theory, the clack box's fatigue life was predicted.

摘 要：根据装料设备的工作流程，确定阀箱3种最不利的载荷工况；基于热－结构耦合理论并利用有限元分析软件ANSYS研究阀箱在温度载荷和机械载荷作用下的热－结构耦合问题，得到实际工况下阀箱的温度场、应力场以及危险部位的应力谱；依据裂纹萌生和扩展理论对阀箱进行疲劳寿命预测。

For thin polycrystalline films, especially those with columnar structure, once the diameter of grains on the film surface is larger than the film thickness, the total area of above and under basal planes (film-substrate interface) will be larger than that of side plane. And if the film precipitates on the substrate with thermal expansion coefficient different from that of the film, great thermal stress will be introduced during annealing.

对于薄膜特别是柱状晶薄膜，当晶粒在膜平面内的尺寸大于膜厚时，柱状晶粒的上底面和下底面的面积将大于侧面的面积，如果薄膜还附着在与其热胀系数不同的基体上并在不同于沉积温度的条件下退火时，膜中将存在较大的热应力。

The calculation results show that the temperature of the valve cone changes periodically, leading to thermal stress changes periodically, which is the main reason of the valve cone pit corrosion; the operating temperature of the valve can be reduced by using the higher thermal conductivity materials; at the Same time, 3-D FEM provides a good theoretical basis in the process of the design and improvement for the parts of ICE.

计算结果表明：气门锥面处周期性的温度变化，会导致周期性变化的热应力，是导致气门锥面疲劳点蚀的主要原因；采用较高导热系数的材料可降低气门的工作温度；同时，三维有限元法能为内燃机零部件的进一步设计改进提供很好的理论依据。

Through experimental study of typical crown fire using pine tree, we first measuredits heat release rate and the inter-space thermal radiation variation of crown fire ofsingle pine tree and compared the experimental data with the model prediction,validating the rationality of the thermal radiation model of single tree.

通过对典型树冠火热辐射的实验研究，以雪松为实验树，测量了实验树的热释放速率、由单颗雪松产生的树冠火的空间热辐射随时间的变化，并将测量值与利用单树热辐射模型计算出的理论值进行了对比分析，验证了单树热辐射模型的合理性；然后测量了由多个雪松同时燃烧产生的空间热辐射随时间的变化，并将测量值与利用多树热辐射模型计算出的理论值进行了对比分析，验证了多树热辐射模型的合理性。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。