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The knowledge of the decimal reduction times and the thermal resistance constants provides a direct approach for establishing the thermal death time needed to ensure product safety andor an acceptable spoilage level, based on economics.

D值和z值的知识是提供确定热致死时间的一个直接的方法，热致死时间可以确保产品的安全或和从经济角度考虑的可接受的腐败程度。

The thermal residual stress is a type of short-rang internal stress between matrix and whisker in composite. It was verified that the thermal residual stress could not be released and could not cause the macro-strain, although the diffraction angle of matrix was shifted in composite.

复合材料中热残余应力是基体与晶须之间的短程内应力，试验证实热残余应力虽可引起基体衍射峰位移动，但不会造成复合材料宏观应变而自然释放。

The linear theory of antisymmetric ducted gravity waves supported by mesospheric thermal duct is presented, propagation and evolution of gravity wave packets in thermal duct is also simulated by using a nonlinear two-dimensional model. Numerical results show that lower atmospheric wave disturbance can penetrate into the duct area and be trapped.

给出了重力波在中层大气温度波导中的反对称形式导制传播的线性理论模型，并采用二维非线性的数值模型对重力波波包在中层大气温度波导中的传播和演变过程进行了模拟研究。

The results indicate that the thermal conductivity of Si3N4 thin film increases with the temperature;under high frequency stage the frequency has apparent effect on the thermal con...

测试结果表明：Si3N4薄膜的热导率随温度的升高而增大；高频段下，热导率受频率影响大，误差大；在低频段下薄膜热导率与频率变化基本无关；基于电子与声子的局部热平衡运输方程假设，S i3N4薄膜的热导率具有极度非平衡性；通过比较电阻、热导率与温度的关系可以看出加热器的尺寸大小会影响薄膜的热导率，最佳加热器的宽度选用20μm左右。

The results indicate that the effect of alloying elements V and Cr on mechanical properties at room-temperature, creep behavior and microstructures are similar. With increasing contents of V and Cr, their mechanical properties produce little change, the creep resistant property decreases and microstructure grows, which is mainly due to their characteristics of β-stability element and smaller atomic radius compared with Ti. On the contrary, the effects of V and Cr on the thermal stability are quite different. With increasing V content or decreasing Cr content the thermal stability for the alloy becomes better, which may be due to the different solution characteristics of V and Cr element in titanium alloy that V belongs to isomorphous β-stability element and Cr belongs to eutectoid β-stability element.

结果表明：合金元素V和Cr对Ti40合金室温力学性能、蠕变行为和组织的影响具有相似性，即随V和Cr含量的降低，合金室温综合力学性能变化不明显、抗蠕变能力减弱、组织粗化：这与V和Cr同属于β稳定元素、且原子半径都小于Ti原子有关；而V和Cr对于热稳定性能的影响则完全相反，V含量的增加或Cr含量的降低含金热稳定性能优化，其主要原因可能与V属于同品型β稳定元素而Cr属于共析型β稳定元素有关。

The experimental results of DSC and fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the thermal denaturation and thermal chemical denaturation of bIgG were both a complex irreversible process, and might follow a three-state mechanism.

DSC实验表明在热化学变性过程中bIgG的变性温度和焓变值会随着环境中的变性剂浓度的升高而降低。

The white carbon black formed good thermal conductivity network with the molecular chain of the rubber, and the dispersion of the white carbon black in the natural rubber matrix was improved when the surface of the white carbon black was treated with Si-69, and the thermal diffusivity of the rubber was improved greatly.

白炭黑在Si-69的表面改性作用下，能与胶料分子链形成较好的导热网络结构，使其在天然橡胶基质中的分散程度得到改善，从而使胶料的热扩散系数得以提高。

After compared with the uncooled pyroelectric thermal imager, the bolometer thermal imager owns the better performance.

首先与非制冷热电热像仪进行了比较，指出测辐射热计热成像的优势。

According to the principle of energy conversion and conservation in fuel combustion, the study is made to automatically control boiler combustion and to supervise boiler thermal efficiency real time on line. Representing fuel caloricity signal and on line thermal efficiency signal with the flame parameter, the combustion automatic control system has been successfully put into operation.

引 言在电力工业生产中，发电厂锅炉消耗大量的燃料，如何提高锅炉运行效率以节约能源，是人们长期力求解决的课题，从燃料燃烧的能量转换和守恒原理出发，对锅炉燃烧自动控制系统和锅炉热效率在线实时监测进行了一系列的探讨，找到了一个用火焰参数代表燃料发热量的能量信号和在线热效率信号。

Nozzle is one of the most important components used in SRM. The nozzle is subjected to the cautery and concussion of the heat gas, so the thermal effect and related thermal-structure couple effect to the nozzle structure become the important factor affecting the load carrying capability of the nozzle. Well, the following investigation contents are accomplished in this paper.

喷管是固体火箭发动机关键部件之一，喷管在工作过程中承受着高温燃气的烧蚀和冲刷，所产生的热效应和由此带来的热—结构耦合效应已经成为喷管强度和稳定工作必须考虑的重要因素。

Through comparing with the results by simulation to study the effects of theprojectile"s final velocity, the angle of rotation and the ballistic trajectory"s migration withdifferent projectile"s rotating speeds, different target"s moving speeds and differentpenetration angles.

通过比较数值模拟的结果来研究不同弹头转速、目标速度、侵彻角对侵彻过程中弹头最终速度、翻转角度和弹道偏移的影响。

I love stationery and all the accoutrement of writing.

我爱文具以及所有的书写的工具装备。