查询词典 thermal losses

The following points are emphasized:The operation models of adiabatic and diabatic distillation have been set up and the operation block, thermodynamics model and mathematical model in the simulation have been determined as well;(2)Based on the simulation and exergy analysis with Aspen Plus program, shortcut distillation design—DSTWU model and rigorous distillation design—RADFRAC model, the author has determined the heat duty, exergy losses and the distribution of exergy losses along the adiabatic column, which will help the simulation and optimization of the diabatic distillation;(3)Diabatic distillation under various operation conditions has been simulated by using energy balance method and exergy analysis;(4)How the different mixture and the various degree of separation, number of trays and feed location influence exergy saving in diabatic distillation have also been discussed;(5)On the basis of the total exergy losses along the column, different schema of the heat transfer distribution along the column have been compared and analyzed;they can be classified in three categories: heat duty equipartition approach, empirical approach, separation degree matching approach. In conclusion, different heat transfer distribution along the column will have effect on total exergy losses. In particular, most satisfactory results have been obtained by using separation degree matching approach. In order to diminish the exergy losses, heat transfer distribution should meet the needs of the request of separation degree.And on this premise, the author makes his suggestion in increasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with minimum exergy losses and decreasing the proportion of heat supplied to the tray with the maximum exergy losses.

本文对透热精馏过程进行了模拟并对其节能效果的影响因素做了较为全面的分析和深入的研究，主要研究内容如下：(1)建立了常规精馏和透热精馏过程的模拟操作模块、热力学模型以及数学模型；(2)利用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus并分别采用DSTWU简捷模型和RADFRAC严格计算模型对常规精馏进行模拟计算和有效能分析，确定常规精馏塔的公用工程热负荷、有效能损失及有效能损失在塔内的分布，为透热精馏的模拟和优化提供数据参考；(3)对不同物系在不同分离度条件下进行透热精馏的模拟，分别采用能量衡算法和有效能分析法进行计算和分析；(4)探讨了各种因素如物系的选择、不同分离度、塔板数、进料位置对透热精馏节能效果的影响；(5)以全塔总有效能损失为比较基准，对热量在塔内的三种分布方案即热负荷平均分配法、经验法和分离度匹配法进行了对比分析并得出结论：塔内热量的不同分布方案对于全塔总有效能损失会产生影响，其中以分离度匹配法的节能效果最为理想，为减少有效能的损失，应使塔内的热量分布满足各塔板的分离度要求，并在此前提下，尽量减小有效能损失大的塔板的热负荷和增加有效能损失小的塔板的热负荷。

The first part is the sum of expected losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk. The risk of losses in the part should be prevented by reserve for bad debts accrued by commercial banks. The second part is the sum of contingent losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk at certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by capital at risk. The third part is the sum of losses of market risk, credit risk and operating risk that beyond certain confidence level, and the risk of losses in the part should be prevented by deposit insurance system.

第一部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险的期望损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身提取的损失准备金来防范；第二部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险在一定置信水平下的意外损失之和，该部分损失的风险用商业银行自身的风险资本来防范；第三部分是市场风险、信用风险和操作风险超出一定置信水平外的损失之和，该部分损失的风险用存款保险制度来防范。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

The heat due to losses of a process can be calculated according to total losses, differential equation of the motor, initial conditions and rotational angle. Since a period has several processes, the total heat due to losses of a period can be get by summing the losses heat of every process and the average losses can be calculated by dividing the total heat of a period with the cycle time.

根据电机运行总损耗和电机运行微分方程，结合初始条件和电机转角，获得了电机运行过程的损耗热，将一个周期内各运行过程的损耗热相加，可以得到一个周期内的总损耗热，从而一个周期内的平均损耗可求，以此为依据，和电机的额定损耗相比较，可以判断该电机在该工作制下的合理性。

It proposed the method of adjustment and optimization of the peripheral truss net surface integrating distance weighted factor and the genetic algorithm based on-orbit thermal environment for the first time, Optimization adjustment simulation of the net surface has been carried based on-orbit thermal environment for the large deployable antenna.The research of thermal analysis technology in this article would provide more scientific foundation for thermal design of antenna on satellite, it would greatly improved thermal design level for satellite antenna of our country, the thermal optimize design which were based on those would effective reduce the costs of test.

本文所完成的热分析技术的研究能够为星载天线的热设计提供更科学的依据，可大大提高我国星载天线热分析的水平，以此为基础的热优化设计可以有效的减少试验费用。

In recent years, the products sell well in all my works more than 20 provinces, cities more than 100 units. Since 2004 Zhejiang usha Hill Power Plant, Huaneng Shantou Power Plant, Power Plant Chiuchow, Jiangsu Taicang Power Plant, Sanmenxia Power Plant, Jiaxing Power Plant, Inner Mongolia Tuoketuo power plants, the first thermal power plant in Baotou, Beijing Thermal Power 1 Factory, Yimin Power Plant in Inner Mongolia, China Datang Group, Xiangtan Power Plant, Thermal Power Engineering Corporation, Guangdong door to power plants, Thermal Power Engineering Corporation, Guangdong branch in Zhuhai, Guangdong Thermal Engineering Corporation Huilai electricity branch, the People's Republic of Mongolia Ulan Bartok thermal engineering for more than 600,000 kilowatts generating units, as well as steam ha,, North pot, pot up, Wuxi Boiler Factory, Yantai Boiler plant 200MW-1000MW units provide high-pressure alloy pipe fittings and the main steam, reheat steam Factory of piping; for Qilu Petrochemical, Baling Petrochemical, Yanshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Petrochemical, Qingdao large oil refineries, the Shenhua coal-oil, Yangzi Petrochemical - BASF Ltd. 800,000 tons / year ethylene project in Cangzhou Refinery, Shijiazhuang Refining Plant, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on the 10th works, the United States Motorola, The Great Wall Aluminum Company, Tianjin Tiantie Metallurgical Group Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo of Electricity Group, Aerospace Group, products are also exported to Kazakhstan, Japan, Bangladesh, Philippines and Thailand country.

近几年来，我厂产品畅销全国20多个省、市100多个单位。04年以来为浙江乌沙山电厂、华能汕头电厂、潮洲电厂、江苏太仓电厂、三门峡电厂、嘉兴电厂、内蒙古托克托发电厂、包头第一热电厂、北京热电一厂、内蒙古伊敏发电厂、中国大唐集团湘潭电厂、广东火电工程总公司可门电厂、广东火电工程总公司珠海分公司、广东火电工程总公司惠来分公司、蒙古人民共和国乌兰巴托热电工程等60万千瓦以上发电机组、以及哈汽、武锅、北锅、上锅、无锡锅炉厂、烟台锅炉厂200MW-1000MW机组提供高压合金管件及主蒸汽、再热蒸汽工厂化配管；为齐鲁石化、巴陵石化、燕山石化、扬子石化、青岛大炼油、神华煤制油、扬子石化-巴斯夫有限公司80万吨/年乙稀工程、沧州炼油厂、石家庄炼油厂、酒泉卫星发射中心十号工程、美国摩托罗拉公司、长城铝业公司、天津天铁冶金集团有限公司、焦作化电集团、宇航集团，产品还出口到哈萨克斯坦、日本、孟加拉、菲律宾及泰国等国家。

The results show that the neutral temperature is 26.9 ℃ in modified temperature; the preferred sensation is -0.2 in summer; the partial pressure of water vapor is about 3 500 Pa when the humid sensation is neutral; the mean skin temperature is 33.2 ℃ corresponding neutral thermal sensation; the mean skin temperature and skin wetness degree are important in predicting thermal sensation and thermal comfort; there is a linear relation between the heart rate and thermal comfort, and between the blood pressure and thermal comfort in cooler environment but the blood pressure varies not obviously with thermal sensation in warmer environment.

结果显示，受试者的热中性温度为26.9 ℃；受试者夏季偏爱稍凉的热感觉（-0.2）；潮湿感中性对应的水蒸气分压力约为3 500 Pa；热中性对应的平均皮肤温度为33.2 ℃；平均皮肤温度与皮肤湿润度是预测热感觉与热舒适的重要参数；心率与热感觉存在线性关系，血压在偏凉环境下与热感觉呈线性关系，在偏暖环境下变化不大。

According to thermodynamic law of conservation of mass and energy and heat transfer theory, a group of differential equations on thermal balance of cover, thermal balance of indoor air, thermal balance of multi-layers of north wall, thermal balance of multi-layers of soil, thermal balance of multi-layers of north roof and thermal balance of plant were built.

该文建立了日光温室热环境模拟模型，定量描述了日光温室内的太阳辐射、对流换热、辐射换热、热传导、自然通风和水分相变带来的潜热对日光温室热环境的影响，根据质能平衡和传热学理论，得到一组关于覆盖物、室内空气、温室分层后墙、分层地面土壤、分层后坡和作物热平衡的微分方程组。

The results of empirical research indicates that: Nonrecurring gains have a significant positive impact on the stock price, instead nonrecurring losses don't have a significant impact on the stock price; Nonrecurring gains and losses have an obvious information noise, and nonrecurring losses have greater information noise than nonrecurring gains; Nonrecurring gains and losses of the listed companies when the absolute value of more than 10% of the return of extraordinary items have greater information noises than the companies which has the absolute value of less than 10% of the return of extraordinary items.

研究发现：对于我国经常发生非经常性损益的上市公司，其非经常性收益对股票价格有显著的影响，非经常性损失对股票价格没有显著的影响；非经常性损益具有明显的信息噪音，并且非经常性损失的信息噪音更大，非经常性收益的信息噪音不明显；非经常项目利润率绝对值为10%以上的上市公司的非经常性损益的信息噪音要比非经常项目利润率绝对值为10%以下的信息噪音大。

Www.buffettism.com 巴菲特研究中心 Research Centre for Buffettism avoiding dumb decisions, rather than by making brilliant ones. Since September 11th, Ajit has been particularly busy. Among the policies we have written and retained entirely for our own account are (1)$578 million of property coverage for a South American refinery once a loss there exceeds $1 billion;(2)$1 billion of non-cancelable third-party liability coverage for losses arising from acts of terrorism at several large international airlines;(3)￡ 500 million of property coverage on a large North Sea oil platform, covering losses from terrorism and sabotage, above ￡600 million that the insured retained or reinsured elsewhere; and (4) significant coverage on the Sears Tower, including losses caused by terrorism, above a $500 million threshold. We have written many other jumbo risks as well, such as protection for the World Cup Soccer Tournament and the 2002 Winter Olympics. In all cases, however, we have attempted to avoid writing groups of policies from which losses might seriously aggregate.

In assessing the soundness of their reinsurance protection， insurers must therefore apply a stress test to all participants in the chain， and must contemplate a catastrophe 17 自从 911 事件发生之后，Ajit 就变得异常忙碌，在我们承接且全部自留在公司帐上的保单，主要有(1)南美洲炼油厂损失超过 10 亿美元以上的 5.78 亿美元意外险(2)数家国际航空公司 10 亿美元恐怖份子攻击事件不得撤销第三责任险(3)北海原油平台 5 亿英镑恐怖份子攻击及恶意破坏的产物意外险，以及超过 6 亿英镑以上业者自留或再保损失(4)芝加哥 Sears 大楼恐怖份子攻击事件超过 5 亿美元以上的损失等；此外我们也接了许多项超大型的意外险，例如世界杯足球赛以及 2002 年冬季奥运等，但不论是那一件个案，我们都尽量避免会发生连锁反应大量累积损失的保单，比如说，我们不会一口气接下位于同一个大都会的办公及住宅大楼大量的意外险，除非排除核子爆炸及后续可能引发的火灾损失。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。