查询词典 thermal equivalent

Firstly, the random walk problem is introduced and the solution is schemed out theoretically. And then, the equivalent RC circuit for thermal analysis is discussed as the IC package is divided into many small blocks at the desired level of granularity. The techniques of analyzing the equivalent RC network by random walk algorithm are then discussed. At the same time, an equivalent model for thermal analysis is set up according to an IC chip. The proposed method is then applied to this model for both steady and transient analysis. Two speedup strategies, pseudo parallel walking and walk results reuse, are proposed sequentially to improve the algorithm performance.

首先简述随机行走问题的基本概念，给出问题的理论解法；然后讨论基于三维网格划分的IC芯片热等效阻容网络模型，着重分析随机行走算法在热等效模型中的应用，并建立一个实际芯片的热等效模型，采用随机行走算法模拟计算模型的稳态温度分布和瞬态温度变化；最后针对随机行走算法应用中的不足，提出了伪并行行走和结果重用2种加速技术。

In the second part, the theory of numerical simulation is introduced, including description of body configuration, elastic-plastic large deformation constitutive equation and finite element formula. It is followed by the derivation of equation from the basic theory of elastic-plastic deformation. The solution to temperature field, thermal stress, thermal strain, equivalent effective stress and equivalent strain is achieved then. In addition, we exposit the relation between machine load and thermal load in coupling analysis.

介绍了物体的构形及其描述，弹塑性大变形的本构方程、有限元列式；并进一步论述了弹塑性变形的基本理论，推导了弹塑性方程组；阐述了温度场的求解、热应力及热应变的理论概要，说明了等效应力与等效应变，并进一步阐明了在热力耦合分析中，机械负荷与温度负荷之间的关系；此外，还简介了Marc AutoForge程序结构的特点。

In the third chapter, by the analysis of the thermal lens effect of laser crystal, single-end-pumped laser crystal is analyzed and a thermal model suited for particular operating circumstance is founded. By the use of equation of heat conduction and with the boundary conditions, the half analytic solution of thermal field in the laser crystal is obtained through half-analytic thermal analysis, and a practical example is calculated together with analysis of the effect of some parameters on the distribution of thermal field.

第三章从分析激光晶体的热透镜效应出发，对单端泵浦激光晶体进行了分析，建立了符合工作条件下激光系统的热温场模型，通过热传导方程及晶体的边界条件，利用半解析热分析方法得出了晶体内部温度场的半解析解，并对实例进行了计算，分析了各种参量对温度场分布的影响。

Based on thermal conduction theory, a thermal model is built up to get the effective thermal content and the effective thermal conductivity to be 1.0×10^(-3) W/K and 8.1 μJ/K, respectively, and the temperature-fluctuation noise is nearly 1.73×10^(-10)W/Hz(superscript 1/2). According to the device operating principle and energy equipartition theory of thermodynamics, the mechanical-thermal noise is 9.96×10^(-9) W/Hz(superscript 1/2), and the background noise is nearly 3.22×10^(-11)W/Hz(superscript 1/2), so that the normalized detectivity is deduced to be 9.03×10^6 cmHz(superscript 1/2)/W.

从理论上建立了器件的基本热模型，推导得到器件的等效热熔和等效热导分别为8.1μJ/K和1.0×10^(-3)W/K，温度噪声约为1.73×10^(-10)W/Hz(上标 1/2)；通过器件的工作机理和能量均分原理，推导得到热机械噪声的等效噪声功率约为9.96×10^(-9)W/Hz(上标 1/2)，器件的背景噪声约为3.22×10^(-11)W/Hz(上标 1/2)，从而得出器件的归一化探测率约为9.03×106cm。

The results show that the atmosphere has a big influence on the thermal stability of C_(60).C_(60) begins to decompose at 423.5℃in the air,the deomposed peak temperature is 668.5℃,but very stable in the helium atmosphere,only sublimate,the crystal shape of C_(60) has a certain influence to its thermal stability.The synthesized nine kinds of nitro-fullerene derivatives all have good thermal stability and their decomposed peak temperatures all exceed 350℃.The thermal explosion temperature for 5 seconds delay of product 4 is 253℃.The category,number and position of nitryl group in nitro-fullerene derivatives all have influence on their thermal stability.

利用差热分析仪和DSC-TG综合热分析仪对C_(60)及其硝基衍生物的热稳定性进行了研究，结果表明，环境气氛对C_(60)热稳定性影响很大，C_(60)在空气中423.5℃开始分解，放热峰值温度为668.5℃，在氦气中很稳定，仅表现为升华，C_(60)的晶型对其热稳定性也有一定的影响；合成得到的九种硝基富勒烯衍生物都具有较好的热稳定性，分解峰值温度均高于350℃；产物4的5秒爆发点测试结果为253℃。

The software includes two modules. One is to evaluate and manage how smoke bomb can shield the thermal images, which can be used as the guide in the development and improvement of thermal smoke bomb. The other is to process the data of thermal images under smoke-screen to locate target in the shortest time and improve the quality of the target thermal images, which can be used as the reference to further design for development and improvement of thermal image.

该软件主要包括两大功能模组：1红外烟幕对热像图遮蔽效果的评价和管理模块，利用该模块研究红外烟幕环境对红外与热像传输影响的定量测试与评价，指导红外烟幕弹的研制与改进；2红外烟幕遮蔽条件下热像图增强处理模块，该模块主要是研究采用一定的处理方法，改善烟幕遮蔽条件目标热像图的观察效果，争取最短时间发现或识别目标，为今后热像仪的研制设计、改进提供参考依据。

According to the result of SWOT analysis, the research area of thermal spring resources can be divided into four main classification includes Urban commercialized thermal spring , Suburban commercialized thermal spring ,Regular thermal spring , Conservancy thermal spring.

本研究依据SWOT评估的结果，将阳明山地区温泉水资源分为四个主要类型，包含了都会区之商业化温泉郊区之商业化温泉日常用途之温泉以自然保育为主之温泉，并将其发展条件的优缺点列出以及提出其发展策略。

Produced by HC-S series of automatic thermal devices, is based on users at home and abroad mechanical characteristics and practical experience, scientific and technical personnel of the Company after many years of scientific and technological, and the core technology of integrated innovation, it has a number of independent intellectual property rights Patented product, the device HC-1 mainly used for alcoholic thermal, HC-2 mainly used for soy sauce, vinegar thermal, HC-3 mainly used for thermal Bottled mineral water category, HC-4 mainly used for food Pyrocondensation, HC-5 mainly used for medicine, pesticide category pyrocondensation, HC-6 mainly used for special-shaped bottles of thermal products.

公司生产的HC—S系列全自动热缩装置，是根据国内外机械特点与用户实践经验，历经本公司科技人员多年的科技攻关，实现了核心技术的集成创新，据有自主知识产权的多项专利产品，本装置HC—1主要用于酒类热缩，HC—2主要用于酱油、醋类热缩，HC—3主要用于桶装矿泉水类热缩，HC—4主要用于食品类热缩，HC—5主要用于医药、农药类热缩，HC—6主要用于工艺品异型瓶热缩。

When the self-etched adhesives (Contax, Clearfil TRI-S Bond) were used for the surface treatment of sclerotic dentin, the results of thermal circlings showed that, for Contax, 5,000 times thermal circlings did not weakened the bond strength, while the bond strength after 10,000 times thermal circlings significantly lower than that before circling; for Clearfil TRI-S Bond, 5,000 times thermal circlings significantly weakened the bond strength, while 10,000 times thermal circlings weakened it further.

选择自酸蚀系统粘接剂Contax和Clearfil TRI-S Bond粘接非龋性硬化牙本质，分别测量冷热循环0次，5000次及10000次时的微拉伸粘接强度，结果显示：Contax粘接剂冷热循环5000次后粘接强度无明显下降，而循环10000次后粘接强度明显下降；Clearfil TRI-S Bond粘接冷热循环5000次后粘接强度明显下降，循环10000次后粘接强度进一步下降。

Based on the climate chamber experiment results of human thermal comfort in hot-humid area of China, systematically compares and analyses the research results at home and abroad from the aspects of psychological thermal response, physiological thermal response and the relationship between psychology and physiology, and finds that the current international standard is not completely applicable to the hot-humid area of China mainly due to physiological thermal acclimatization and psychological thermal adaptation.

基于我国湿热地区人群的气候室实验结果，从心理热反应、生理热反应和生理-心理关系等多方面对国内外研究结果进行了系统对比与分析，发现现行国际标准不适用于我国湿热地区，生理热习服和心理热适应是其重要原因。

In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.

在使用帆船的时代，船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。

As long as foreign donors pay the PA's salary bill, few expect a new intifada.

只要外国继续为巴权力机构的薪水买单，希望发动新暴动的人便寥寥无几。