查询词典 thermal equilibrium

According to thermodynamic law of conservation of mass and energy and heat transfer theory, a group of differential equations on thermal balance of cover, thermal balance of indoor air, thermal balance of multi-layers of north wall, thermal balance of multi-layers of soil, thermal balance of multi-layers of north roof and thermal balance of plant were built.

该文建立了日光温室热环境模拟模型，定量描述了日光温室内的太阳辐射、对流换热、辐射换热、热传导、自然通风和水分相变带来的潜热对日光温室热环境的影响，根据质能平衡和传热学理论，得到一组关于覆盖物、室内空气、温室分层后墙、分层地面土壤、分层后坡和作物热平衡的微分方程组。

Secondly, by linearizing the system at the unique positive equilibrium solution and analyzing the associated characteristic equation, it is found that the positive equilibrium solution is asymptotically stable when the delay equals to zero and when it is increased to certain critical value, the positive equilibrium solution will loss the stability and a spatially heterohomogeneous periodic solution will bifurcate from this positive equilibrium solution.

通过在系统唯一的正平衡解处线性化系统和分析相应的特征方程，发现在时滞等于零时该正平衡解是渐近稳定的，当时滞逐渐增大到某个临界值时该正平衡解将失去稳定性而且在该平衡解处分支出空间非齐次的周期解。

In this method, an interim variable is defined by combining one variable of each subsystem. The interim variable is used to construct the sliding-mode function and the total control law can be derived to guarantee the equilibrium point is reachable in finite time. Using LaSalle invariance theorem, it can be proved further that the equilibrium field only includes one equilibrium point and the equilibrium point is asymptotically stable.

该方法将各个子系统的一个变量进行组合定义成一个中间变量，然后从这个中间变量出发构造滑模函数，通过求取总的控制量保证中间变量在有限时间内收敛到平衡点；进一步利用LaSalle不变性原理证明该收敛域内只有一个平衡点且是渐近稳定的。

Based on the theory of supermodular games, existence of pure strategy Nash equilibrium was proved, characteristics of the equilibrium were analyzed, and the existing conditions of unique equilibrium were also presented. In addition, by static comparison, the change rule of equilibrium price along with the change of the parameters were summarized.

引入了超模博弈理论，证明了零售商间的价格竞争一定存在纯策略纳什均衡，分析了均衡结果的一些特点，给出了存在唯一均衡价格的条件，并通过比较静态分析，得出了零售商定价随契约参数变化的规律。

According to the existing hours of this lesson, we mainly explain rudimentary knowledge relevant to inorganic chemistry, including colligative property of diluted solution and four balances (Acid-base equilibrium, precipitate-dissolve equilibrium, oxidize-reduce equilibrium and coordinate equilibrium) and two structures (atomic structure, molecular structure ).

从而为后续分析化学，有机化学，物理化学及相关专业课程的学习打下必要的基础。因此，根据现有的实际课时数，主要讲解有关的基础知识。包括稀溶液依数性和四大平衡(酸碱平衡，沉淀-溶解平衡，氧化-还原平衡，配位平衡)，二大结构。

The main creating aspects are finding and clarify such a fundamental physical process that the grain boundaries emit vacancies under compressive stress to induce solute non-equilibrium grain boundary dilution and absorb vacancies under tensile stress to induce non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, formulizing the structural equations and the composition equations in force equilibrium in grain bounary region to describe this physical processes and the kinetic equations for non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation under tensile stress, calculating the modulus in grain boundary region from the expermental data of grain bounday segregation using the structure and coposition equations and calculating the diffusion coefficients of vacancy-solute atom complexes using the kinetic equation simulating the experimental results of grain boundary segregation.

本项目的主要创新点是，发现并阐明了弹性应力场作用下空位与晶界交互作用的基本物理过程：在张应力作用下，晶界会吸收空位，引起溶质非平衡晶界偏聚；压应力作用下，晶界会发射空位，引起非平衡晶界贫化。建立了描述此物理过程的晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程；？建立了张应力引起的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程？；用晶界区力学平衡的结构方程和成分方程？，首次通过实验测量计算出多晶材料晶界区的弹性模量；通过建立的动力学方程模拟实验结果，首次获得溶质原子－空位形成的复合体的扩散系数。

Based on the traditional mechanical model the buble point method of three diagonal matrix, an neural network model of gas-liquid equilibrium computation for liquid air, which makes system presure P and equilibrium component of liquid phrase x1,x2,x3 as input nodes makes system temperature T, equilibrium component of gas nitrogen y1, equilibrium constant of argon and oxygen k2, k3 as output nodes, insteads of the buble point computation of the three diagonal matrix , thus a improved distillation model is built.

在传统的机理模型三对角矩阵法中的泡点法基础上，将体系压力P，平衡液相组成x1， x2， x3 为输入节点体系温度T ，平衡汽相氮组成y1 及氩、氧的相平衡常数k2， k3 为输出节点的神经网络液体空气汽液平衡计算模型，取代三对角矩阵法中泡点计算，从而建立改进的精馏塔模型改进模型用于空分塔的模拟计算，不仅计算速度快，计算结果与机理模型结果非常接近，且符合设计要求，对实现产品质量的在线监控具有一定的指导意义

Through analysis of Walras' general equilibrium system in simple economy and extended economy contained capitals,this article points out that the system of Warlras' general equilibrium which claimed itself to be one of the pillars of Neoclassical theories contains a series of logical contradictions.The discussion indicates that such equilibrium,only connecting to the barter economy within different rates of profits,is not a sort of general equilibrium in monetary economy aiming to get the general rate of profit under the real capitalist competitive economic relationships.

通过对瓦尔拉斯一般均衡体系由简单的生产交换经济到扩大的包含资本形成方程在内的经济体系的分析，指出一直标榜为现代主流新古典理论支柱之一的瓦尔拉斯一般均衡体系内部存在着一系列逻辑矛盾，从而表明它描述的只是一种差别利息率下的实物经济一般均衡，而并不是现实资本主义经济关系下为获取统一利润率竞争的货币经济均衡。

In the third chapter, by the analysis of the thermal lens effect of laser crystal, single-end-pumped laser crystal is analyzed and a thermal model suited for particular operating circumstance is founded. By the use of equation of heat conduction and with the boundary conditions, the half analytic solution of thermal field in the laser crystal is obtained through half-analytic thermal analysis, and a practical example is calculated together with analysis of the effect of some parameters on the distribution of thermal field.

第三章从分析激光晶体的热透镜效应出发，对单端泵浦激光晶体进行了分析，建立了符合工作条件下激光系统的热温场模型，通过热传导方程及晶体的边界条件，利用半解析热分析方法得出了晶体内部温度场的半解析解，并对实例进行了计算，分析了各种参量对温度场分布的影响。

Based on thermal conduction theory, a thermal model is built up to get the effective thermal content and the effective thermal conductivity to be 1.0×10^(-3) W/K and 8.1 μJ/K, respectively, and the temperature-fluctuation noise is nearly 1.73×10^(-10)W/Hz(superscript 1/2). According to the device operating principle and energy equipartition theory of thermodynamics, the mechanical-thermal noise is 9.96×10^(-9) W/Hz(superscript 1/2), and the background noise is nearly 3.22×10^(-11)W/Hz(superscript 1/2), so that the normalized detectivity is deduced to be 9.03×10^6 cmHz(superscript 1/2)/W.

从理论上建立了器件的基本热模型，推导得到器件的等效热熔和等效热导分别为8.1μJ/K和1.0×10^(-3)W/K，温度噪声约为1.73×10^(-10)W/Hz(上标 1/2)；通过器件的工作机理和能量均分原理，推导得到热机械噪声的等效噪声功率约为9.96×10^(-9)W/Hz(上标 1/2)，器件的背景噪声约为3.22×10^(-11)W/Hz(上标 1/2)，从而得出器件的归一化探测率约为9.03×106cm。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。