查询词典 thermal

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

It proposed the method of adjustment and optimization of the peripheral truss net surface integrating distance weighted factor and the genetic algorithm based on-orbit thermal environment for the first time, Optimization adjustment simulation of the net surface has been carried based on-orbit thermal environment for the large deployable antenna.The research of thermal analysis technology in this article would provide more scientific foundation for thermal design of antenna on satellite, it would greatly improved thermal design level for satellite antenna of our country, the thermal optimize design which were based on those would effective reduce the costs of test.

本文所完成的热分析技术的研究能够为星载天线的热设计提供更科学的依据，可大大提高我国星载天线热分析的水平，以此为基础的热优化设计可以有效的减少试验费用。

In recent years, the products sell well in all my works more than 20 provinces, cities more than 100 units. Since 2004 Zhejiang usha Hill Power Plant, Huaneng Shantou Power Plant, Power Plant Chiuchow, Jiangsu Taicang Power Plant, Sanmenxia Power Plant, Jiaxing Power Plant, Inner Mongolia Tuoketuo power plants, the first thermal power plant in Baotou, Beijing Thermal Power 1 Factory, Yimin Power Plant in Inner Mongolia, China Datang Group, Xiangtan Power Plant, Thermal Power Engineering Corporation, Guangdong door to power plants, Thermal Power Engineering Corporation, Guangdong branch in Zhuhai, Guangdong Thermal Engineering Corporation Huilai electricity branch, the People's Republic of Mongolia Ulan Bartok thermal engineering for more than 600,000 kilowatts generating units, as well as steam ha,, North pot, pot up, Wuxi Boiler Factory, Yantai Boiler plant 200MW-1000MW units provide high-pressure alloy pipe fittings and the main steam, reheat steam Factory of piping; for Qilu Petrochemical, Baling Petrochemical, Yanshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Petrochemical, Qingdao large oil refineries, the Shenhua coal-oil, Yangzi Petrochemical - BASF Ltd. 800,000 tons / year ethylene project in Cangzhou Refinery, Shijiazhuang Refining Plant, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on the 10th works, the United States Motorola, The Great Wall Aluminum Company, Tianjin Tiantie Metallurgical Group Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo of Electricity Group, Aerospace Group, products are also exported to Kazakhstan, Japan, Bangladesh, Philippines and Thailand country.

近几年来，我厂产品畅销全国20多个省、市100多个单位。04年以来为浙江乌沙山电厂、华能汕头电厂、潮洲电厂、江苏太仓电厂、三门峡电厂、嘉兴电厂、内蒙古托克托发电厂、包头第一热电厂、北京热电一厂、内蒙古伊敏发电厂、中国大唐集团湘潭电厂、广东火电工程总公司可门电厂、广东火电工程总公司珠海分公司、广东火电工程总公司惠来分公司、蒙古人民共和国乌兰巴托热电工程等60万千瓦以上发电机组、以及哈汽、武锅、北锅、上锅、无锡锅炉厂、烟台锅炉厂200MW-1000MW机组提供高压合金管件及主蒸汽、再热蒸汽工厂化配管；为齐鲁石化、巴陵石化、燕山石化、扬子石化、青岛大炼油、神华煤制油、扬子石化-巴斯夫有限公司80万吨/年乙稀工程、沧州炼油厂、石家庄炼油厂、酒泉卫星发射中心十号工程、美国摩托罗拉公司、长城铝业公司、天津天铁冶金集团有限公司、焦作化电集团、宇航集团，产品还出口到哈萨克斯坦、日本、孟加拉、菲律宾及泰国等国家。

The results show that the neutral temperature is 26.9 ℃ in modified temperature; the preferred sensation is -0.2 in summer; the partial pressure of water vapor is about 3 500 Pa when the humid sensation is neutral; the mean skin temperature is 33.2 ℃ corresponding neutral thermal sensation; the mean skin temperature and skin wetness degree are important in predicting thermal sensation and thermal comfort; there is a linear relation between the heart rate and thermal comfort, and between the blood pressure and thermal comfort in cooler environment but the blood pressure varies not obviously with thermal sensation in warmer environment.

结果显示，受试者的热中性温度为26.9 ℃；受试者夏季偏爱稍凉的热感觉（-0.2）；潮湿感中性对应的水蒸气分压力约为3 500 Pa；热中性对应的平均皮肤温度为33.2 ℃；平均皮肤温度与皮肤湿润度是预测热感觉与热舒适的重要参数；心率与热感觉存在线性关系，血压在偏凉环境下与热感觉呈线性关系，在偏暖环境下变化不大。

According to thermodynamic law of conservation of mass and energy and heat transfer theory, a group of differential equations on thermal balance of cover, thermal balance of indoor air, thermal balance of multi-layers of north wall, thermal balance of multi-layers of soil, thermal balance of multi-layers of north roof and thermal balance of plant were built.

该文建立了日光温室热环境模拟模型，定量描述了日光温室内的太阳辐射、对流换热、辐射换热、热传导、自然通风和水分相变带来的潜热对日光温室热环境的影响，根据质能平衡和传热学理论，得到一组关于覆盖物、室内空气、温室分层后墙、分层地面土壤、分层后坡和作物热平衡的微分方程组。

In the third chapter, by the analysis of the thermal lens effect of laser crystal, single-end-pumped laser crystal is analyzed and a thermal model suited for particular operating circumstance is founded. By the use of equation of heat conduction and with the boundary conditions, the half analytic solution of thermal field in the laser crystal is obtained through half-analytic thermal analysis, and a practical example is calculated together with analysis of the effect of some parameters on the distribution of thermal field.

第三章从分析激光晶体的热透镜效应出发，对单端泵浦激光晶体进行了分析，建立了符合工作条件下激光系统的热温场模型，通过热传导方程及晶体的边界条件，利用半解析热分析方法得出了晶体内部温度场的半解析解，并对实例进行了计算，分析了各种参量对温度场分布的影响。

Based on thermal conduction theory, a thermal model is built up to get the effective thermal content and the effective thermal conductivity to be 1.0×10^(-3) W/K and 8.1 μJ/K, respectively, and the temperature-fluctuation noise is nearly 1.73×10^(-10)W/Hz(superscript 1/2). According to the device operating principle and energy equipartition theory of thermodynamics, the mechanical-thermal noise is 9.96×10^(-9) W/Hz(superscript 1/2), and the background noise is nearly 3.22×10^(-11)W/Hz(superscript 1/2), so that the normalized detectivity is deduced to be 9.03×10^6 cmHz(superscript 1/2)/W.

从理论上建立了器件的基本热模型，推导得到器件的等效热熔和等效热导分别为8.1μJ/K和1.0×10^(-3)W/K，温度噪声约为1.73×10^(-10)W/Hz(上标 1/2)；通过器件的工作机理和能量均分原理，推导得到热机械噪声的等效噪声功率约为9.96×10^(-9)W/Hz(上标 1/2)，器件的背景噪声约为3.22×10^(-11)W/Hz(上标 1/2)，从而得出器件的归一化探测率约为9.03×106cm。

The results show that the atmosphere has a big influence on the thermal stability of C_(60).C_(60) begins to decompose at 423.5℃in the air,the deomposed peak temperature is 668.5℃,but very stable in the helium atmosphere,only sublimate,the crystal shape of C_(60) has a certain influence to its thermal stability.The synthesized nine kinds of nitro-fullerene derivatives all have good thermal stability and their decomposed peak temperatures all exceed 350℃.The thermal explosion temperature for 5 seconds delay of product 4 is 253℃.The category,number and position of nitryl group in nitro-fullerene derivatives all have influence on their thermal stability.

利用差热分析仪和DSC-TG综合热分析仪对C_(60)及其硝基衍生物的热稳定性进行了研究，结果表明，环境气氛对C_(60)热稳定性影响很大，C_(60)在空气中423.5℃开始分解，放热峰值温度为668.5℃，在氦气中很稳定，仅表现为升华，C_(60)的晶型对其热稳定性也有一定的影响；合成得到的九种硝基富勒烯衍生物都具有较好的热稳定性，分解峰值温度均高于350℃；产物4的5秒爆发点测试结果为253℃。

The software includes two modules. One is to evaluate and manage how smoke bomb can shield the thermal images, which can be used as the guide in the development and improvement of thermal smoke bomb. The other is to process the data of thermal images under smoke-screen to locate target in the shortest time and improve the quality of the target thermal images, which can be used as the reference to further design for development and improvement of thermal image.

该软件主要包括两大功能模组：1红外烟幕对热像图遮蔽效果的评价和管理模块，利用该模块研究红外烟幕环境对红外与热像传输影响的定量测试与评价，指导红外烟幕弹的研制与改进；2红外烟幕遮蔽条件下热像图增强处理模块，该模块主要是研究采用一定的处理方法，改善烟幕遮蔽条件目标热像图的观察效果，争取最短时间发现或识别目标，为今后热像仪的研制设计、改进提供参考依据。

According to the result of SWOT analysis, the research area of thermal spring resources can be divided into four main classification includes Urban commercialized thermal spring , Suburban commercialized thermal spring ,Regular thermal spring , Conservancy thermal spring.

本研究依据SWOT评估的结果，将阳明山地区温泉水资源分为四个主要类型，包含了都会区之商业化温泉郊区之商业化温泉日常用途之温泉以自然保育为主之温泉，并将其发展条件的优缺点列出以及提出其发展策略。

The production moved off-Broadway to New York City, where she won the Joseph E. Calloway award for her performance, and was profiled in American Theater Magazine as one of ten young theater artists to watch.

生产提出过百老汇的新的纽约市，在那里她赢得了约瑟夫calloway奖，她的表现，并于异型在美国的战区杂志之一， 10战区的青年艺术家观赏。

It's a risk tradeoff, and I believe that adding test support code usually wins.

这是一个风险的权衡，我相信添加测试代码通常会占上风。