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By contrast, China lags behind in risk management in terms of its theoretical research and practice.

然而，相对于期货市场的发展，我国风险控制的理论研究和实践还存在不足。

In this paper we combining connecting tunnel project of Subway Line 4 at Xidan-lingjing bystreet in Beijing. To aim at the difficulties of building large-span connecting tunnels in the fine sand layer, through roads and underground pipelines, construction nearby buildings and other project difficulties. Using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field tests and other research methods to comprehensive and systemic research the stratum deformation mechanism and process control techniques of shallow excavation method, and a series of results were obtained. Firstly, use the stochastic media theory to analyze the stratum deformation mechanism, concretely analyze the analytic equation of surface horizontal displacement and deformation which were caused by the excavation of single-hole and double-hole tunnel, and further discussion on ground settlement, vertical deformation, surface horizontal displacement and horizontal deformation. Analyzing the main influence factors of surface displacement, and combined with practical work to proof the theory which was applied to shallow buried single-hole tunnel in fine sand layer was scientific.

本文结合北京地铁四号线西单～灵境胡同渡线隧道工程，针对在粉细砂地层中修建大跨渡线隧道，下穿道路和地下管线，临近建筑物施工等工程难点，利用理论分析、数值模拟、和现场监测等多种研究手段，对浅埋暗挖隧道地层变位机理及控制技术，深入地进行全面和系统的研究，并取得以下成果：(1)引入随机介质理论，对地层变位机理进行了分析，具体分析了单、双孔隧道开挖引起的地表位移及变形的解析方程，并深入探讨了地表沉降、垂直变形、地表水平位移和水平变形的特点，同时分析了影响地表位移的主要因素，并结合工程实例，佐证该理论应用于粉细砂地层浅埋暗挖单孔地铁隧道的科学性。

The technical problem of cableway field was solved on the theoretical plane.

从理论上解决国内外这一领域的技术难题。

Theoretical investigation and practical test show that kinematic GPS technique can be used for topographic and thematic mapping with a scale from 1:500 to 1:100 000, as well as for high accuracy point determination such as coordinate cadastre because it provides very high accuracy and reliability.

理论研究和实验表明，由于动态GPS定位技术具有很高的精确性和可靠性，它可用于从1：500到1：10万比例尺的各种地形图和专题图制作，以及诸如坐标地籍等高精度点位测定。

The schematic of the circuit is simulated in Cadence; and the simulation results are in accordance with the theoretical results.

运用Cadence的仿真工具对电路进行了逻辑仿真验证，仿真结果和理论推导结果一致。

The effect of calcium nitrate on relative physiological parameters of muskmelon softness was studied. The regulation measures of prolong fruit shelf-life were explored to provide theoretical basis for calcium use to prolong the optimal edible phase and shelf-life, and to learn the mechanism of calcium delaying the process of ripening and senescence.

研究硝酸钙对网纹甜瓜果实软化及其相关生理因素的影响，探讨延长网纹甜瓜货架期的调控措施，为生产上利用钙来延长网纹甜瓜的最佳食用期和货架寿命提供理论依据，并为进一步探明钙减缓果实成熟衰老的机制奠定基础。

Firstly, this paper deeply studied the simulated evolution theory, demonstrated the feasibility of resolving the optimization problems in the thermodynamic control systems with simulated evolution theory, and through the analysis of the calculability of this theory, created the general frame of the simulated evolution algorithm and created the theoretical base for building the evolution optimizing architecture of thermodynamic control systems.

首先，对模拟进化理论进行深入研究，说明了运用模拟进化理论解决热力控制系统优化问题的可行性，并通过对模拟进化理论的可计算性分析，建立了模拟进化算法通用框架，为建立热力控制系统进化优化体系建立了理论基础。

To solve it effectively has not only great theoretical function, but also very important pragmatic value in the filed of calculable theory.

有效的解决它，在可计算理论上具有重要的理论意义，同时也具有重要的实际应用价值。

First is the theoretical calculation and the analysis.

第一是理论计算及分析。

In this thesis, it consisted of both theoretical calculation and simulation study.

本文的研究内容包括两个方面：理论计算和仿真研究。

The work of this paper is as follows: 1. Looking back the progressing history of the linear motor, introducing the features of the elevator driven by linear induction motor, radicating the topic of this paper "the digital frequency variable control of the elevator bi-side direct driven by linear induction motor". The research of this paper covers the conventional VVVF control, space vector based VVVF control, vector control and DTC.

本文主要开展了以下几个方面的工作： 1 回顾了直线电机发展历史，电机的驱动技术演变，特别是针对直线电机的驱动，简要介绍了直线感应电机驱动电梯的优点和不同结构类型，对传统的v／f控制，基于空间矢量法的v／f控制，矢量控制，和基于电压空间矢量的直接转矩控制进行了比较，确立了本课题的研究主题：直线感应电机双边直推式驱动电梯的全数字变频控制。

The article combines with the treatment of a superficial civil air defense work to introduce how the grouting method to improve the performance of the backfill soil.

文章从治理漂浮人防工事的角度提出了注浆技术在改善回填土性质方面的应用，并详细阐述了注浆技术的施工流程。