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Based on the relevant aspects constructed in history research of the Chamber of Commerce and new historiography,this paper probes into research angle,history explanation,theoretical thinking,and paradigm breakthrough respects in the Chamber of Commerce hisctory study,which build the academic meaning of new historiography.

本文在商会史研究与新史学建构的相关层面上，深入探讨了商会史研究在研究视角、解释、思维、范式突破诸方面对新史学建构的学术意义。

Based on the relevant aspects constructed in history research of the Chamber of Commerce and new historiography,this paper probes into research angle,history explanation,theoretical thinking,and paradigm breakthrough respects in the Chamber of Commerce hisctory study,which build the academic meaning of new historiography.

本文在商会史研究与新史学建构的相关层面上，深入探讨了商会史研究在研究视角、历史解释、理论思维、范式突破诸方面对新史学建构的学术意义。

In order to overcome the above-mentioned gaps of the Client/Server computing model of the current GIS, this research introduces Agent technology originated from Artificial Intelligence to GIS. The thesis proposes a new kind of Agent - GeoAgent and expatiates upon its characteristics, behaviors and architecture of corresponding GeoAgent System. A GeoAgent prototype system has been implemented, based on IBM Agent Software Development Kit Aglets. And then, this research proposes GeoAgent-based Geospatial Information Services, followed by detailed theoretical analysis.

针对现有地理信息系统在分布式计算模式方面的不足，本文引入了人工智能领域中Agent的理念，提出了GeoAgent的概念；系统地阐述了GeoAgent的特点、行为、优势和结构，以及GeoAgent系统的体系结构；利用IBM的开发平台Aglets，设计并实现了相应的系统原型；在此基础上，本文提出了基于GeoAgent的空间信息服务的理念，并详细分析了这种空间信息服务的特点和优势。

The first part is an exordium in the paper and introduces the reason,meaning of topic selection and research status and so on.The second part adopts literature research method to analyze the theories of equal and right from notion definition,properties,development and th.e discrimination on the concept,laying a theoretical foundation of claiming equal employment rights,correcting the wrong views and setting up right value judgment.The third is a difficult part and uses various methods synthetically to analyze facts that the equal employment right of college students has being infringed severely in detail,from inequality of social relations to the restriction of age,gender,household registration which setting by employing unit,it provides the powerful support that it is urgency for college students to claim equal employment rights currently.The four part of paper by using case analysis method enumerates several typical cases and points out the realistic meaning and deficiency of assertors' action.

本文分为五部分，第一部分为绪论，介绍了论文选题的原因、意义、研究现状等；第二部分运用文献研究法分析了平等和权利两大理论，从概念的诠释、性质、发展、辨析等方面奠定了大学生主张就业平等权的理论基础，从而在理论上纠正了现实社会的理解偏差，树立了正确的平等权利的理论价值判断；第三部分是难点部分，综合运用各种方法，详细剖析了大学生就业平等权利受到的种种侵害，从社会关系的不平等到用人单位设置的年龄、性别、户籍等不平等门槛，强有力的说明了大学生主张就业平等权的现实必要性和紧迫性；第四部分用案例分析法重点列举了大学生主张就业平等权的典型案例以及其现实意义与不足之处，从大学生的主张就业平等权的。

At first, it points out the philosophical basis of the "fantasy or trueness" perspective about research on copy-writing planning system, then tries to demonstrate the objectivity of the "fantasy or trueness " virtuosity-perspective throughout the systemic research on Copy-writing planning, by means of both theoretical discussion and instance analysis, which accounts for that forwhy "fantasy or trueness" virtuosity-perspective exists.

本文以整合营销传播理论为探讨背景，并引用系统观、辩证法等哲学、思维理论、概念对广告文案策划过程作系统研究，首先指出了文案策划系统虚实观研究的哲学基础，并试图从理论论述与实例分析两个层面论证文案策划系统研究中虚实艺术观的客观存在（即通过本文的研究主要回答了&虚实艺术观为什么会存在&的问题）。

Deeply approaching the focuses and difficult points in the research of the Theory of Value,is conducive to correct wrong understandings on Marx's Theory of Labour Value and deepen the research and cognition on the Theory of Labour Value, and is also conducive to propel forward the theoretical innovation and development to Marx's Theory of Labour Value and gain new vitalities into this theory.

究竟该怎样认识和对待马克思的劳动价值论？简括地说：就是一要继承与坚持，二要创新与发展。简单否定劳动价值论，特别是根本没有弄懂和把握马克思的劳动价值理论的真谛和科学内涵，就妄加否定与批判，甚至通过错解和曲解来予以否定和批判，不是一种严肃的科学的治学态度。

In human route of thinking, personality discussion is the starting point of economic law subject. Humanity is the theoretical support for economic law subject research route. During the process, by comparing the humanity in west and China, the author tries to find the practical route suiting Chinese humanity, proposes the humanity value pre-establishment, and puts economic law subject research on the foot of humane adjustment eventually.

在人性路径研究中，人格体探讨是经济法主体研究的起点和归宿；人性论是经济法主体研究路径的理论支撑，在此过程中通过中西人性论的比鉴，找到适合我国的人性论的实践脉络，最终提出了经济法的人性价值预设并落脚到经济法主体研究的人性调适上。

The dissertation begins with the investigation of the fruitful research on function of debt governance in developed countries such as UK, US, Japan and Germany, and attempts to fill some important gaps in our understanding of inefficient investment controlling function, bankruptcy threat function and function of creditor's participating in corporate governance; Second, Theoretical and empirical study is done on whether three functions of debt governance can work well in state-owned listed companies. The result shows that so far the function of debt governance can't work well as expected; Third, after examining the special institutional background of China, the dissertation argues, grounded on the research results, that the essential institutional reasons include creditors and debtors being "quasi" market participants, the "quasi-equal" debtor-creditor relationships and the "quasi" market rules; Finally, it comes to the conclusion that the fundamental methods to change the situation are to encourage the supervision of banks, to deepen the reform of state-owned companies and to fulfill the outside institutional requirements for guaranteeing the function of debt governance.

文章首先借鉴英美、日德等发达国家对债权治理功效的已有研究成果，总结归纳出负债抑制非效率投资功效、负债的破产威胁功效以及债权人直接介入公司治理功效；其次，分别对三大债权治理功效在我国国有控股上市公司中能否发挥作用进行理论解析和实证检验，研究发现，目前我国企业债权治理功效不能发挥应有的作用；再次，针对研究结论，从我国特有的制度背景出发，分析其症结，认为我国目前的债权债务双方的&准&市场主体、债权债务双方的&准&平等关系、&准&市场游戏规则是导致债权治理功效不能发挥作用的根本制度原因；最后，提出解决对策，认为增强银行的监督激励、深化国有企业的改革以及实现债权治理功效的外在制度要求是债权治理功效发挥作用的根本途径。

Economy research department of liaoning academy of social sciences, shenyang, liaoning 110031abstract:"structure-conduct-performance" pattern is the classical pattern and standard analytical frame of the industry organization application study. the scp pattern's theoretical inheritance and vitality is to revise or re-explain the market structure choices, enterprise internal and external organization structure choices, which enhances the research of industry organization theory and actual cases study.

&结构—行为—绩效&范式是产业组织应用问题研究的经典范式和规范分析框架。scp范式的理论承继性和生命力在于随着市场条件及企业行为的现实性变化，对市场结构选择、企业内部和外部组织方式选择等问题作出修正或全新阐释，从而推进了产业组织理论和实证研究的深入。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。