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According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

Prahalad makes a compelling case that because of technological advances; information is getting more and more democratized. Today, on a global scale everyone has access to the same information and the potential to translate that same information into intelligence.

普拉哈拉德作出了令人信服的理由，由于技术的进步；信息是越来越民主化的今天，在全球范围内都可以访问相同的信息，以及潜在的翻译说，相同的信息情报。

If he judged that they were group-promiscuous, they lived in the same room in unit of couple, which did not violate the definition of group-promiscuous crime that should be accomplished by at least three people in the same room. If he judged the girls were prostitutes and whored, it also could not stand for their deeds exchanged for no money.

民警张波还是第一次遇到这种情况，不知道该如何处理：如果按聚众淫乱处罚，他们都是一对一地相处，不符合&至少三人以上同时淫乱&的硬性规定；如果按卖淫嫖娼处罚，他们之间又没有金钱交易。

If he judged that they were group-promiscuous, they lived in the same room in unit of couple, which did not violate the definition of group-promiscuous crime that should be accomplished by at least three people in the same room. If he judged the girls were prostitutes and whored, it also could not stand for their deeds exchanged for no money.

民警张波还是第一次碰到这种情况，不知道该如何处理：假如按聚众***处罚，他们都是一对一地相处，不符合&至少三人以上同时***&的硬性规定；假如按卖淫嫖娼处罚，他们之间又没有金钱交易。

Cis-trans test A test that determines whether two mutations that have the same effect occur in the same gene or in different genes.

顺反测验，顺反位置效应测验：检测在同一个基因或不同的基因中的两个突变是否具有相同的功能。

The bamboo and wood instrument with top grade of tone quality are scarce. It was estimated that can't reach one hundredth of its total.Second, the same tone quality of Qin (the name of a kind of musical instrument) can' t be made of the same kinds of bamboo and wood material. Such as the jinhu, which is made of Nan bamboo. But its tone quality was quite different. And pad auks erhu (Chinese two-stringed musical instrument) and the violins were the same.

如小提琴，其共鸣箱是用云杉、枫木制作的，但音质相差非常悬殊，红木二胡、京胡等亦是如此；第三、红木乐器、檀木乐器价格太昂贵，且音质高档的也不过占其总数的百分之一、二；第四、过去制作的竹木乐器，在刚制作完毕时，其音量和音质都比较差，须经数年后，其音质才能纯净些，音量也才能大一些。

Based on that, players can expect to earn experience at a rate that is a bit slower than questing at the same level, for the same amount of time .

处于这方面的考虑，在同样的等级，同样的时间内玩家在战场获得的经验会低一些。

This gave us leisure to charge our Pieces again, and that we might loose no Time, we kept going; but we had but little more than loaded our Fusees, and put our selves into a Readiness, when we heard a terrible Noise in the same Wood, on our Left, only that it was farther onward the same Way we were to go.

这时，我们才有时间重新给枪装上弹药。同时，我们抓紧时间继续前进。可是，我们刚装好枪准备上路时，又从左边原来的那座树林里传出了可怕的嚎叫声。这一次狼群离我们较远，但却在我们去路的正前方。

This gave us leisure to charge our Pieces again, and that we might loose no Time, we kept going; but we had but little more than loaded our Fusees, and put our selves into a Readiness, when we heard a terrible Noise in the same Wood, on our Left, only that it was farther onward the same Way we were to go.

同时，我们抓紧时间继续前进。可是，我们刚装好枪准备上路时，又从左边原来的那座树林里传出了可怕的嚎叫声。这一次狼群离我们较远，但却在我们去路的正前方。黑夜来临了，光线变得暗淡起来。这对我们更加不利。

In order to get the same effect from Fingers of Frost as from actual frozen targets, we would have to set up the spell the same way as freezing, so that you could sneak that Ice Lance in between Frostbolts.

为了让冰霜之指和实际被冰冻目标有同样的效果，我们需要调整这些魔法使之对目标的效果和目标被冰冻一样，这样你们可以在冰弹里面插入冰枪。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。