查询词典 the minority

How to choose strategies of handing traditional culture down is an unavoidable subject in the new situation. The author of the article thinks that clothing, which is believed to be the visiting card of a people, should be simple with symbolization, pictorialization, totems and commercialization. Handing down of the living culture should be combined with ecosystem environments and places of interest to develop its content step by step. One cultural item should be exploited in one place to keep it alive forever. We should make good use of educational, research and translating organizations, media and the Internet to propagandize old and new characters and works. Some museums should be built up to protect metallic and stone relics. Setting up ecological museums or cultural villages and parks is an effective method. We should find out a new way in which key points about the understanding of the culture are explained clearly, core advantages are developed and cutlural labour force and propaganda work are revived The most important thing is to make complete use of the laws and policies on minority self-rule to find out the best way to keep Yi's traditional culture alive.

作者认为，作为民族身份"名片"的服饰应以简明为原则尽量符号化、图案化、图腾化、商业化；作为活文化的仪式与习俗的传承，除了在经济发展的前提下以村寨为基本单位尽量保护和弘扬，要尽可能与生态环境和旅游胜地紧密结合进行单个文化主题的念珠式贯串开发，一地深入开掘一个文化内蕴，使之可以传之久远；依托教育、科研、翻译机构和文艺传媒、互联网传承新老文字及典籍文化，建立文博场馆保护金石文物；建立民族生态博物馆或民族文化村文化园等也不失为一种有效的方式；译解文化传承基因，培育核心发展优势，形成文化再生力传播力，是一条应该认真探索的道路；最重要的是要充分利用好民族区域自治政策法规，使之发挥的效益最大化，并从法律和政策上寻求最佳的传统文化传承策略。

After the breakfast, visited in the world the elevation highest ancient times palace fort type construction -- to have "the plateau pearl" the name, it built in the 7th century, since Fifth Dalai Lama has been Tibet's politics and the religious center, the collection had the depositing all previous dynasties Dalai Lama true body gold tope and the massive precious murals, Tang Ka, the image of Buddha, was the Tibetan national minority culture centralism manifests; The lunch afternoon suitable rest, the visit constructs at the Turfan dynasty time earliest hall for worshipping buddha --, other name "the ancestor pulls Kang", Tibetan is a scripture hall.

早餐后，参观世界上海拔最高的古代宫堡式建筑——有"高原明珠"之称的，它始建于公元七世纪，自五世达赖喇嘛以来一直是西藏的政治和宗教中心，珍藏有存放历代达赖喇嘛真身的金质灵塔和大量珍贵的壁画、唐卡、佛像，是藏民族文化的集中体现；午餐后稍适休息，参观建于吐蕃王朝时期的最早的佛堂——，又名"祖拉康"，藏语是经堂。

Nagadum has an inseperable relationship and interactive basis with school education, family education and social education. Chapter six mainly analyzes the current inheritage of Nagadum and its existing problems from the position that the realization of its educational funtion relies on its effective inheritage, it also provides the concept to rebuild the transmission of Nagadum. Chapter seven tries to analyze and reflect the current courses in national school education and its disadvantages of isolating from its native culture and living practice from the position that the realization of its educational function relies on the widely identification of national school education. It proposes that the essence of national education is "the education of national culture", the aquisition of native knowledge is obtained on the basis of practical mode of acquisition, hence the author tries to provide some constructive suggestions that school education in minority areas should return to native knowledge and culture, and the construction of the interactive relationship between schools and communities should be established.

第五、六、七章阐述了那达慕如何实现教育功能，其中第五章阐述了实现那达慕教育功能的内在基础和现实条件，即那达慕与学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育都具有不可分割的关系和互动基础；第六章从那达慕教育功能的实现有赖于那达慕的有效传承的立论出发，分析了那达慕传承现状及其问题，并提出了重构那达慕传承模式的构想；第七章从那达慕教育功能的实现还有赖于民族学校教育的广泛认同的立论出发，分析和反思目前民族学校课程知识及教育方式脱离本土和生活实际的弊端，提出民族教育的实质是&民族文化的教育&，本土知识的获得需用实践建构的认知方式，从而对民族学校回归本土知识与文化，建构学校与社区之间经常性文化互动关系提出了笔者的建议。

Accordingly corresponding reference scholars Lane in 1980 khat to Europe as the source of power in the United States homosexual campaign development process :(1) 1908-1945, and sporadic individuals try to defend homosexuality and its powers;(2) After the Second World War, urban male homosexuals "minority groups consciousness" the awakening;(3) 1950-1952, the search for identity;(4) 1952-1953, outbreak on the unfair treatment of outrage;(5) 1953-1960, the homosexual movement to strengthen the exchange of information, pay attention to the field of education;(6) the 1960s, the civil rights movement led to the gay rights movement;(7) In 1969, the beginning of the massive homosexual movement;(8) 1973-1979, homosexual movement and the government dialogue through formal channels.

据此相应参考社会学者里卡塔在1980年对以欧洲为源头的美国同性恋权力运动发展历程：（1）1908—1945年，零散的个人尝试为同性恋及其权力辩护；（2）第二次世界大战后，城市男同性恋者&少数派群体意识&的觉醒；（3）1950—1952年，寻找身份认同；（4）1952—1953年，爆发对不公正待遇的愤慨；（5）1953—1960年，同性恋运动加强信息交流，注重教育领域；（6）60年代，将民权运动引向同性恋运动；（7）1969年，开始出现大规模同性恋运动；（8）1973—1979年，同性恋运动与政府通过正式渠道对话。

Central authorities propose strategy to develop westem regions will it be the secon d half 1999,regard the Inner Mongolia as representative raise each define de velopment of the west regions the heavy controversies of area,They have refu ted and only understands"western part"for the idea of pure economic zoning according to the system of national regional autonomy,have insisted that th e main purpose of the deveopment of the west regions is to sove the economic difference with the coastal developed province of minority area and safegua rd the borderland steady,dispels the poor viewly.

国家&七五&计划曾把内蒙古等民族自治地区划于&西部&之外。1999年下半年中央提出西部大开发战略后，以内蒙古为代表掀起了一场界定西部大开发区域的大论争，他们依据民族区域自治制度，批驳了把&西部&仅仅理解为纯经济区划的观念，坚持了西部大开发的主要目的是要解决少数民族地区与沿海发达省区的经济差异，维护边疆稳定、消除贫困的观点。

Ignoring facts, the Dalai Lama fabricated numerous lies to sow dissension among the various nationalities and incite the Tibetan people to oppose the central government during his 30-year self-exile abroad. He said that "the 17-Article Agreement was imposed on Tibet under armed force";"the Hans have massacred 1.2 million Tibetans";"owing to Han immigration, the Tibetans have become a minority in Tibet";"the Communists in Tibet force women to practice birth control and abortion"; the government opposes religious freedom and persecutes religious people; traditional Tibetan culture and art are in danger of extinction; the natural resources in Tibet have been seriously depleted; there is severe environmental pollution in Tibet, etc. The riots in Lhasa from September 1987 to March 1989 were incited by the Dalai clique and plotted by rebels who were sent back to Tibet. The riots incurred severe losses to the lives and property of Tibetans.

达赖在出国后的三十多年里，不顾事实，编造了大量诸如&'十七条协议'是武力逼迫下强加给西藏的&；&汉人屠杀了120万藏人&；&由于汉人移民，藏族在西藏成了少数&；&共产党在西藏强行对妇女实行计划生育、堕胎&；政府反对宗教自由，迫害宗教人士；藏族传统文化艺术遭到灭绝危险；西藏自然资源受到严重破坏；西藏环境受到污染等等谎言，蓄意挑拨民族关系，煽动西藏群众反对中央政府。1987年9月至1989年3月拉萨发生的多起骚乱事件，就是在达赖集团的煽动和派遣回藏的叛乱分子策划下挑起的，这些骚乱给西藏人民的生命财产造成严重损失。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为&知识—文化&传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

After the breakfast, visited in the world the elevation highest ancient times palace fort type construction -- to have "the plateau pearl" the name, it built in the 7th century, since Fifth Dalai Lama has been Tibet's politics and the religious center, the collection had the depositing all previous dynasties Dalai Lama true body gold tope and the massive precious murals, Tang Ka, the image of Buddha, was the Tibetan national minority culture centralism manifests; The lunch afternoon suitable rest, the visit constructs at the Turfan dynasty time earliest hall for worshipping buddha --, other name "the ancestor pulls Kang", Tibetan is a scripture hall.

早餐后，参观世界上海拔最高的古代宫堡式建筑——有&高原明珠&之称的，它始建于公元七世纪，自五世达赖喇嘛以来一直是西藏的政治和宗教中心，珍藏有存放历代达赖喇嘛真身的金质灵塔和大量珍贵的壁画、唐卡、佛像，是藏民族文化的集中体现；午餐后稍适休息，参观建于吐蕃王朝时期的最早的佛堂——，又名&祖拉康&，藏语是经堂。

The political wisdom mainly is elaborated from three aspects that,"is prosperous to" the political wisdom, persists the association wu kangcao policy, the peace tolerant treatment national minority; the military wisdom is so good idea and the unusual military foresight ability as well as invents these three aspects through zhuge liangs strange plan in the war science and technology to carry on the analysis elaboration; the life wisdom also is analyzes from three angles: one is zhuge liang corrects the world to aid peoples value orientation, two is the noble sentiment which his loyal mr. serves the country, three is his high character and integrity.

政治智慧主要是从3个方面来阐述：《隆中对》的政治智慧，坚持联吴抗曹的方针，和平宽容对待少数民族；军事智慧则是通过诸葛亮的奇谋妙策和超凡的军事预见能力以及在战争中的科技发明这3个方面进行分析论述的；人生智慧也是从3个角度来分析的：1是诸葛亮匡世济民的价值取向，2是他忠君报国的高尚情操，3是他个人的高风亮节。

The political wisdom mainly is elaborated from three aspects that,"Is prosperous to" the political wisdom, persists the association Wu Kangcao policy, the peace tolerant treatment national minority; The military wisdom is so good idea and the unusual military foresight ability as well as invents these three aspects through Zhuge Liangs strange plan in the war science and technology to carry on the analysis elaboration; The life wisdom also is analyzes from three angles: One is Zhuge Liang corrects the world to aid peoples value orientation, two is the noble sentiment which his loyal Mr. serves the country, three is his high character and integrity.

政治智慧主要是从三个方面来阐述：《隆中对》的政治智慧，坚持联吴抗曹的方针，和平宽容对待少数民族；军事智慧则是通过诸葛亮的奇谋妙策和超凡的军事预见能力以及在战争中的科技发明这三个方面进行分析论述的；人生智慧也是从三个角度来分析的：一是诸葛亮匡世济民的价值取向，二是他忠君报国的高尚情操，三是他个人的高风亮节。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了