查询词典 the minority

With its unique location as the main artery for traffic and trade in southwest China from time immemorial, the south " Silk Road " and the transfer station of " Ancient Tea Horse Route " from Tibet to, Lijiang plays an important role in transmitting flows of trades from central China to southeast Asia and communications between Chinese culture and foreign culture and keeps numerous historical cultural heritages here: Lijiang Ancient City with a reputation of " Plateau Gusu " and " Eastern Venice " firstly estabilished in Nansong Dynasty, protected completely and operated energetically now with national characteristics and local characteristics; Mu ' s Residence called the " Concretionary Ancient Naxi Music ", which was Mu ' s hereditary local office in Lijiang and rebuilt as the ancient town museum in 1998; and numerous ancient temples including Wenfeng Temple, Fuguo Temple, Puji Temple and Yufeng Temple etc. combined with central Chinese culture and local national culture and influenced by Tibetan cultural characteristics; the Baisha Mural with magic Dongba culture taking Naxi ancient religion as carrier and Dongba Classics as the main record manner and reflecting the unique national cultural history of Naxi minority with the only living Dongba hieroglyph in the world and the integration of Taoism, Han Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Dongba culture, which becomes the state-level key protected cultural site; and those national culture and national traditional art with abundant cultural content, including Baisha residential buildings and Shuhe residential buildings with long history and unique characteristics and Moso folklore still with matriclan characteristics at Lugu Lake bank, which compiles a colorful article for civilizations.

由于区位独特，丽江自古以来就是我国西南交通贸易大动脉南方"丝绸之路"和由西藏入境的"茶马古道"的中转站，为中原至东南亚南来北往的贸易和沟通中原文化和外来文化影响的传送发挥了重要的作用，同时也在这里留下了众多的历史文化遗存：有始建于南宋，到现今也保护完好，运转鲜活，富有民族特点和地方特色，有"高原姑苏"、"东方威尼斯"美誉的丽江古城；有原为丽江世袭土司木氏衙署、1998年重建后改为古城博物院，被称为"凝固的纳西古乐"的木府，以及可见中原文化与地方民族文化结合，并受到藏族文化特征影响的文峰寺、福国寺、普济寺、玉峰寺等众多的古建寺观；神奇的东巴文化以纳西族古老的宗教为载体，以东巴经书为主要记录方式，反映了纳西族独特的民族文化历史，世界上唯一"活着的"东巴象形文字，融道教、汉佛教、藏传佛教以及东巴文化为一体，成为研究明代艺术奇珍的国家级重点保护文物白沙壁画；历史悠久、独具特色的白沙民居建筑群、束河民居建筑群，以及泸沽湖畔仍具有母系氏族特征的摩梭风情等具有丰富文化内涵的民族文化和民族传统艺术，为人类文明史留下了灿烂的篇章。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The Funeral Dance is one of the typical fetes for Tujia ethnic minority in Changyang, Hubei Prov. In modern Tujia people's life, when an elder passes away, the neighbors will hasten to the deceased person\'s home in groups to memorize the deceased and comfort the relatives and friends in the means of funeral dance.

&跳丧&仪式是湖北长阳土家族典型的祭祀性仪式，现代土家人的生活中无论哪家有老人去世，周围乡邻都会闻讯而来，&人死众家丧，一打丧鼓二帮忙&，以&跳丧&的形式怀念亡人，安慰生者。

In the House of {the} Representatives, the job of speaker will go to the current minority leader, Nancy Pelosi of California.

在议会的典型代表中，发言人的工作将移交到少数的领导人，加利福尼亚州Nancy Pelosi。

In canyon by valley glacier and hanging glacier primarily, after snow and ice melting, collects the every large or small more than 160 lakes in the snowy peak mountain valley, forms snowy mountain Jing Lake to shine, the natural landscape myriad picture, the local herdsman regards as it "the god mountain", hands down is birthplace of the Guoluo Tibetan national minority.

峡谷中以山谷冰川和悬冰川为主，冰雪融化后，在雪峰周围的山谷中汇成大大小小160多个湖泊，形成雪山镜湖辉映，自然景观万千的景象，当地牧民把它视为&神山&，相传系果洛藏族之发祥地。

Individual silversmiths in the borderland minority nationality regions and in the coastal areas where relatives of overseas Chinese live in relatively concentrated communities may, with the approval of the People's Bank of China at county level or above and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, engage in the making and repairing of gold and silver articles for individuals, but shall not purchase and sell gold and silver articles.

第二十三条边疆少数民族地区和沿海侨眷比较集中地区的个体银匠，经县或者县级以上中国人民银行以及工商行政管理机关批准，可以从事代客加工和修理金银制品的业务，但不得收购和销售金银制品。

Article 23 Self-employed silversmiths in border areas inhabited by minority nationalities and in coastal areas with a concentration of relatives of overseas Chinese, may engage in processing and repairing gold and silver articles for clients upon the approval of the People's Bank of China at the county level or above and of the administration for industry and commerce, but are not allowed to purchase or sell gold and silver articles.

第二十三条边疆少数民族地区和沿海侨眷比较集中地区的个体银匠，经县或者县级以上中国人民银行以及工商行政管理机关批准，可以从事代客加工和修理金银制品的业务，但不得收购和销售金银制品。

Individual silversmiths in the borderland minority nationality regions and in the coastal areas where relatives of overseas Chinese live in relatively concentrated communities may, with the approval of the People's Bank of China at county level or above and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, engage in the making and repairing of gold and silver articles for individuals, but shall not purchase and sell gold and silver articles.

第二十三条边疆多数民族地区和内地侨眷比较集中地区的个体银匠，经县或者县级以下本国人民银止以及工商止政管理机关批准，能够处放代客加工和建缮金银制品的业务，但不得支买和出卖金银制品。

Britain in 1893 from the hands of tribal Africa won the Southern Rhodesia by the British South Africa Company management, responsible government in 1923 set up by the British Government, from 1953 to 1964 with the North Rhodesia and Nyasaland composition Central African Federation, in 1965 the country's white minority government on its own declaration of independence, only a small number of countries such as South Africa recognized.

南罗得西亚今津巴布韦。1893年英国从非洲部落手中夺得南罗得西亚，并由英属南非公司管理，1923年成立责任政府，由英国政府管理，1953年至1964年间与北罗得西亚和尼亚萨兰组成中非联邦，1965年该国的白人少数政府自行宣布独立，只获得南非等少数国家承认。1980年白人政权与黑人族群达成共治协议，更名津巴布韦，成为获广泛承认的主权国家。

The Saudis and their Sunni royal family also fear that the Iranians will stir up the large Shia minority in their oil-rich Dhahran province in the east.

沙特和他们的逊尼派皇室还担心伊朗将挑起东部石油大省达兰省的少数名族什叶派的骚乱。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。