查询词典 the last reign of a dynasty

According to the author statistics shows that nearly 2000 poems about string instrument of Tang Dynasty in "" The Whole Poetry of Tang Dynasty "", it had reflected all respects of artistic development of string instrument of Tang Dynasty, embody a poet in the Tang Dynasty from describing that kinds of spiritual idea making the poet profound and expresse in the poem of the string instrument in Tang Dynasty, the classical, outstanding poems of the string instrument of Tang Dynasty,the description have worthful historical data value and aesthstic value, it is the rare important wealth on Chinese string instrument art and literature development history, it promote the development of string instrument art after Tang Dynasty, these 2000 poems of string instrument describe the study of Tang Dynasty and give us a lot of artistic value of written historical materials in Tang Dynasty.

据笔者统计：在《全唐诗》中约有2000多首描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作，在这些诗作中集中体现了唐代拨弦乐器艺术发展的各个方面，从描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作中折射出唐代诗人抒发的那种令人深邃的精神理念，这些经典、优秀的描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作具有宝贵的史料价值和美学价值，是中国拨弦乐器艺术与文学发展史上不可多得的重要财富，对唐代以后拨弦乐器艺术的发展，产生了积极影响。这2000多首描写唐代拨弦乐器的诗作，是研究唐代拨弦乐器艺术价值的珍贵文字资料。

There were hundreds of uprisings, great and small, all of them peasant revolts or peasant revolutionary wars -- from the uprisings of Chen Sheng, Wu Kuang, Hsiang Yu and Liu Pang in the Chin Dynasty, those of Hsinshih, Pinglin, the Red Eyebrows, the Bronze Horses and the Yellow Turbans in the Han Dynasty, those of Li Mi and Tou Chien-teh in the Sui Dynasty, those of Wang Hsien chih and Huang Chaol in the Tang Dynasty, those of Sung Chiang and Fang La in the Sung Dynasty, that of Chu Yuan-chang in the Yuan Dynasty, and that of Li Tzu-cheng in the Ming Dynasty, down to the uprising known as the War of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the Ching Dynasty.

从秦朝的陈胜、吴广、项羽、刘邦起，中经汉朝的新市、平林、赤眉、铜马和黄巾，隋朝的李密、窦建德，唐朝的王仙芝、黄巢，宋朝的宋江、方腊，元朝的朱元璋，明朝的李自成，直至清朝的太平天国，总计大小数百次的起义，都是农民的反抗运动，都是农民的革命战争。

In the Xizhou dynasty to Xihan dynasty ,the physician's position was inferior than that of witch physician though they already had high social position. From the mid of Xihan dynasty to Tang dynasty, the physician's position is markedly went down and caused the negative influence to the development of medicine as Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of the feudal society. From Song dynasty to Yuan dynasty ,the dynasts paid high attention to medicine ,so the physician's social position was greatly upgraded ,which promoted the development of medicine . The position of physician in the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty were unprecedentedly debased. It became a very negative factor to the development of medicine.

经过本课题研究认为：医生的职责在夏至西周时期是由巫医兼任的，巫医在当时有着极其显要的社会地位，并在一定程度上对医学的发展作出了相应的贡献；东周至西汉前期，随着医巫的分离，医生的社会地位较巫医有所下降，但仍有相当的地位，并且活动相对自由；西汉中期以后至唐五代，随着儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想，这一时期医生地位明显下降，对医学的发展产生了消极的影响；宋金元统治者重视医学，医生社会地位大为提高，推动了此期医学的发展；明清时期医生社会地位空前下降，是这一时期医学发展的一个消极因素。

In the Xizhou dynasty to Xihan dynasty ,the physician"s position was inferior than that of witch physician though they already had high social position. From the mid of Xihan dynasty to Tang dynasty, the physician"s position is markedly went down and caused the negative influence to the development of medicine as Confucianism became the orthodox ideology of the feudal society. From Song dynasty to Yuan dynasty ,the dynasts paid high attention to medicine ,so the physicians social position was greatly upgraded ,which promoted the development of medicine . The position of physician in the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty were unprecedentedly debased.

经过本课题研究认为：医生的职责在夏至西周时期是由巫医兼任的，巫医在当时有着极其显要的社会地位，并在一定程度上对医学的发展作出了相应的贡献；东周至西汉前期，随着医巫的分离，医生的社会地位较巫医有所下降，但仍有相当的地位，并且活动相对自由；西汉中期以后至唐五代，随着儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想，这一时期医生地位明显下降，对医学的发展产生了消极的影响：宋金元统治者重视医学，医生社会地位大为提高，推动了此期医学的发展；明清时期医生社会地位空前下降，是这一时期医学发展的一个消极因素。

The author comes to some conclusions as follow: The Khanate of Kipchak kept the submissive relation to the house of the grand khan and supported the supreme khan of Mongol Empire in the inner politics and the policy to the outside, which gave certain supports to the early communication in the Mongol Yuan dynasty; The Khanate of Kipchak should account for the stop of the communication caused by the foundation of the Khanate of Ogotai which had been supported by the Khanate of Kipchak during the period of the reign from Berke to Mangu Timur; The short-time stop of the communication was also Mongolian central government"s tragedy. The relationships of the Khanate of Kipchak to Yuan dynasty began to become normal during the course of the reign of Tuda Mangu ,Tula-buqa and Toqatai khan, in which the Khanate of Kipchak gave certain devotions to "peace" of the Mongol Khanates. Their relations had been best after the separation of Mongol Empire during the time of ozbeg and Janibeg"s reign which was. the rush hour of our economic and cultural intercourses with the Khanate of Kipchak and other west countries. The development of the relationships to Egypt accelerated the intercourses between this two countries, which indirectly widened the ways of the Sino-Arab communication in the economy and cultures. The relations to Ire Khanate had been very bad for a long time. This stopped the convergence of the Steppe Silk Roads and the Oasis Silk Roads. In other side, this helped the intercourses between Ire Khanate and Christian Europe.

本文认为，蒙古帝国时期，无论在内政还是外交方面，钦察汗国都维护着蒙古大汗的权威，保持着与蒙古大汗廷的臣属关系，这为蒙元早期中西经济文化交流需要的条件做出了一定贡献；别儿哥至忙哥帖木儿统治时期，钦察汗国应对因窝阔台汗国的崛起而导致的中西交通的阻断负一定责任，但这同时也是蒙古中央政府的悲哀；脱脱蒙哥至脱脱统治时期，两国关系开始逐渐恢复，钦察汗国为蒙古诸汗国的&约和&贡献了自己的力量；月即别和札尼别统治时期是两国关系的最密切时期，也是双方经济文化交流和中西交通的高峰期；钦察汗国与埃及关系的发展，一定程度地拓宽了中阿经济文化交流的渠道；钦察汗国与伊利汗国关系恶化和长期的紧张，一方面阻碍了草原丝路与绿洲丝路的交汇，另一方面促进了伊利汗国与欧洲的经济文化交流。

The level of feed-water and drain system is comparatively high in the history of China.The research on the level of agriculture in Han dynasty indicates that the prosperity of cities in Han dynasty is based on the tender agriculture and the food supplies import is a constant state in the study area. There is no breakthrough in level of agriculture after Han dynasty,and it is an important reason that the city development in the study area is fluctuant in the history of China.From the end of Han dynasty to North and South dynasty,the climate change made the cold and arid weather keeping in the study area,and affected badly the agricultural outputs.The mode of land-use was transformed from the agriculture to the nomadism in this stage.The climate change made the desertization develop mightily and fast,and approach the scale of modern time in the study area in the North and South dynasty.

研究区汉代农业生产水平的综合分析表明，一方面，汉代城市的繁荣是建立在比较脆弱的农业基础上的，粮食等物品不断的外部输入是一种常态，汉代以后很长时间粮食生产水平并没有突破性的提高，这是研究区城市发展呈阶段性起伏的重要原因；另一方面，南北朝时期冷干气候的持续，对脆弱的农业生产具有重大影响，农业向牧业迅速转化，城市的区域农业支持系统受到严重影响，该时期沙漠化也强烈发展。

There are six stages of the city development:the grade system of county cities in Han dynasty, the army town system in North and south dynasty,the system of army-and-administration cities in Tang dynasty,the system of freakish army cities in the frontier in Song dynasty,the low tide stage of city development in Yuan dynasty,and the system of dense army cities in the frontier in Ming dynasty.There are some characteristics in the development stages in the study area.

城市发展大致分为六个阶段：汉代郡县为主的城市体系发展时期、魏晋南北朝时期军事重镇为主的城市体系发展时期、唐代军城和郡县为主的军政城市体系演化时期、宋代边境城寨军事城市体系畸形发展时期、元代城市体系发展的低潮时期、明代沿边密集军事城堡体系发展时期。

The Chinese government permit the following activities: Chinese commercial banks may accept guarantee provided by fo'reign shareholders; fo'reign invested enterprises may apply to designated Chinese banks dealing in fo'reign exchange business within the territo'ry of China fo'r Renminbi loans using fo'reign exchange collateral securities; special industrial investment fund may be set up to buffer insufficient equity capital from the Chinese side when increasing investment in an invested enterprise; Chinese commercial banks may issue equity loans to Chinese shareholders meeting clearly-defined conditions.

中国政府允许中国商业银行接受外方股东担保，允许外商投资企业以外汇质押方式向中国境内中国外汇指定银行申请人民币贷款；设立专项产业投资基金缓解增资时中方股本金不足的问题；允许中国商业银行对符合条件的中方股东发放股本贷款。

Wu Rui ,"king of Changsha"; Hong Hao , a loyalist of the South Song Dynasty ; Li Chunnian , the tax reformer of the South Song Dynasty ; Foyin , a noted eminent monk ; Mu Ying ,"king of Qianning" of the Ming Dynasty ; Wu Shijiu , an egg-shell master-hand of the Ming Dynasty ; Wan Daochen , the top warrior of the Qing Dynasty and Yu Jinde , a revolutionary with loft ideals .

景德镇人杰地灵，从秦汉以来先后出现了"长沙王"吴芮、南宋忠臣洪皓、南宋赋税改革者李椿年、南宋著名高僧佛印、明朝"黔宁王"沐英、明朝薄胎高手吴十九、清朝武状元汪道诚、革命志士余金德等一大批古今名人。

Rich archaeological finds in the territory, the only collection of more than 30,000 pieces of cultural relics on which the New Stone Age axes, Ben Stone, decorated with jade, white pottery; during the Western Zhou Dynasty bronze tripod; glass of the Warring States period; Wang Mang period of the Western Han Dynasty "The wrong knife," currency and "yellow cloth thousand" dollars; of the Eastern Han Dynasty jade just Mao, jade pig, silver-thread clothing, ivory-foot, copper overprint, the floor, glazed pottery, porcelain pot; the Sui Dynasty white porcelain cups, Tao Figurines music and dance; the Song Dynasty kilns are bowl, and other cultural relics, rare for domestic, can be called David.

亳州境内出土文物极为丰富，仅馆藏文物就三万余件，其中新石器时期的石斧、石锛、玉饰、白陶罐；西周时期的青铜鼎；战国时期的玻璃；西汉王莽时期的&金错刀&币和&大布黄千&币；东汉时期的玉刚卯、玉猪、银缕玉衣、象牙尺、铜套印、釉陶楼、青瓷罐；隋代的白瓷杯、陶乐舞俑；宋代均窑大碗等文物，为国内罕见，堪称国宝。

According to my definition, the Manchurian Candidate is an experimentally created dissociative identity disorder that meets the following four criteria

根据我的定义，满州候选人是一个创造分离身份混乱的实验，它符合下述的4条标准

I'd be chuffed to play at a World Cup, but I have many years ahead of me in the game so I hope to have more opportunities.

我会chuffed发挥在世界杯，但我有很多年的比赛在我前面，所以我希望有更多的机会。