查询词典 the Ming Dynasty

Based on the chorography of Ming Dynasty or Qing Dynasty, the historical materials of Republic of China, existent objects, this thesis chooses the period of Ming and Qing as the base point. By systemically and academically studying on the city form of Quanzhou, ferreting the evolving mechanism, expatiating the evolutive course and analyzing the regularity and reality of it, the thesis would help to direct and induce people to understand the traditional Quanzhou city well and truly, and then supply reference to the work of preserving and rehabilitating the cities, thus maintain the special structure and the vernacular space of the old city.

论文在明清地方志、民国史料和现存实物的基础上，选择明清时期为研究的基点，通过对泉州城市形态进行系统理论研究，整理其历史发展脉络，揭示其演化历程，剖析其中的规律性和真实性，从而有利于引导人们正确认识古代泉州城市，并在当代的古城维护整治和更新建设中提供理论参考，以保持或恢复泉州古城的特殊城市结构和独特场所空间。

We give the example of one of Four Great Monks in Ming Dynasty Zhu-Hong袾宏who didn"t against Confucian theory, and even esteem Confucius himself, but deny Wang Yang-ming"s Intuitive Knowledge theory circuitously, to whom we give a rational analysis.

本文以明末四大高僧之一的释袾宏的观点为例。释袾宏本人不反对儒家学说，对孔子也格外推崇，但是还是以曲折的手法否定了王阳明的良知说，本文对其予以理性的分析。

His Masterpieces of historiography are as follows:"The study of Chinese ancient society ","The study of inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells","The study of the posy on bronze ware of Yin Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty","Ten animadvert books","Bronze age","The slavery era","Historical personage","Li Bai and Du Fu","The obit of the rustic war in Ming Dynasty","Reversing a verdict for Cao Cao",etc.

其史学研究的代表作有：《中国古代社会研究》、《甲骨文字研究》、《殷周青铜器铭文研究》、《十批判书》、《青铜时代》、《奴隶制时代》《历史人物》、《李白与杜甫》等专著

Therefore, as to the reason of the formation of Chinese society in Southeast region of China, especially the prevalent hypothesis that Hakka in the abutted region among Min, Yue and Gan was from Central Regions, a possible explanation may be that, after the large-scale turbulences in the abutted region among Min, Yue and Gan had been appeased in Ming dynasty, social reorganization occurred in this region. just at this stage, the groups of the region went through a re-choice to the ethnical identity, these choice affected the ethnohistory or writing of groups since middle period of Ming dynasty.

因此笔者认为，对于中国东南汉人社会的形成，尤其是闽粤赣毗邻区的客家人普遍的中原南来说盛行的一个可能的解释是，在明代闽粤赣毗邻区大规模动乱平息之后，闽粤赣毗邻区处于社会重组的阶段，正是在这一阶段，其人群亦经历了一次族群身份确认的过程，而这影响了明中后期以后长期的族群撰述，反映在闽粤赣毗邻区的地方文献中，则是对畲民典范书写的确立，它反过来又约束了人们对族群的选择与改造。

In the form of Shu Zhi,it records eighty representative block-printed editions(12 for Song Dynasty,12 for Yuan Dynasty,34 for Ming Dynasty and 22 for Qing Dynasty),investigating Yuan Ke and Fan Ke,Chu Yin and Hou Yin of certain edition.

下编&實例&分四章，採用書志的形式，著錄歷代典型版刻八十種(其中宋刻本十二種，元刻本十二種，明刻本三十四種，清刻本二十二種)，逐種考訂了各本現已可知的原刻翻刻或初印後印諸本。

Good editions of ancient books: rubbings from stone inscriptions, hand-written editions and printed editions of the eras before Yuan Dynasty, the manuscripts, hand-copied editions that were written or arranged and revised by famous scholars and bibliophiles of the two dynasties of Ming and Qing, and that have important values in some subject area, printed editions (including block-printed editions, typed-editions, printed editions with exquisite prints, and process printed editions), and hand-copied books of the Ming and Qing dynasties that are characteristic of that two dynasties in book contents, carving levels, sheets, printing, binding and layout, and other aspects, printed editions, hand-copied editions that have the prefaces and postscripts annotated and revised by famous scholars and bibliophiles of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the contents of the prefaces and postscripts annotated and revised have important values as academic references.

二十、古籍善本元以前的碑帖、写本、印本；明清两代著名学者、藏书家撰写或整理校订的、在某一学科领域有重要价值的稿本、抄本；在图书内容、版刻水平、纸张、印刷、装帧等方面有特色的明清印本（包括刻本、活字本、有精美版画的印本、彩色套印本）、抄本；有明清时期著名学者、藏书家批校题跋、且批校题跋内容具有重要学术资料价值的印本、抄本。

The scribing was the popular way for ancient book collectors' acquiring and collecting books in the Sung Dynasty, Yuen Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and Ching Dynasty.

抄录书籍是古代藏书家搜集图书最常用的方法，即便是在雕版印刷普遍流行的宋、元、明、清等朝代，仍是如此。

The Cheng Communal Family stands for the Cheng's who had lived in Pujiang county of Jinhua in Zhejiang Province generation to generation from South-song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty to early Ming Dynasty. This family had been honored many times by the imperators and was called Number One in the south of the lower reaches of the Changjiang River.

义门郑氏&是指自南宋年间起，经元至明代初期，累世同居于浙江金华浦江县的郑氏家族，曾多次获最高统治者嘉奖与旌表，被称为&江南第一家。

The mausoleum is 40km2 large, consists of 13 tombs of Ming dynasty, such as Chang Ling, Xianling, Jingling, Yuling, Maoling, Tailing, Kangling, Yongling, Zhaoling, Dingling, Qingling, Deling, Siling, etc, they are generally known as "Ming Thirteen Mausoleum".

陵墓是四〇平方公里大，由13个明代墓葬，如长玲，仙灵，竟陵，玉玲，领，泰陵，康玲，永玲，昭陵，定陵，庆铃， Deling ， Siling等，它们通常被称为&明十三帝陵&。

The case of the Spring and Autumn Period to defend the country, were "five deer" is the history of the famous "five Lucheng"; Wei is the Warring States period; fordong jun Qin; the Han Dynasty forwei jun Jizhou;tang de zong Jianzhong 3 years (AD 782)da ming fu renamed; Song Qingli Injong year (AD 1024) to build capital, known as "Beijing", Yuan, Ming and Qing for the Road, House, Road location; Chihli Qing Dynasty was the first capital of the province.

春秋时代属卫国，名&五鹿&，是历史上著名的&五鹿城&；战国时期属魏国；秦朝为东郡；汉朝为冀州魏郡；唐德宗建中3年（公元782）改称大名府；宋仁宗庆历二年（公元1024）建陪都，史称&北京&，元、明、清为路、府、道所在地；清代曾为直隶省第一省会。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。