查询词典 the Middle Ages

The epic in middle ages of Europe is the transition result of German culture to feudal society,and it is the model from hero consciousness in savage nationality to hero idea of medieval. At the same time,the Christianity effects on the creation of the epic.

欧洲中世纪史诗是日耳曼氏族文化向封建制社会过渡的产物，是蛮族文化中的英雄意识转化为欧洲中世纪英雄观念的范本，也是中世纪文明特有的基督教观念影响下产生的文本。

Fiske drawed a analogy between modern mass media and the bard of Middle Ages, then, pointed out that mass media has a function which moulds collective culture. Under the influence of Gramscis's theory of """" hegemony"""", he thinks that media text is open space with diverse meaning and regards media text as popular producerly text through using the concept of """"open/ciosed"""" text of Eco and """"writerly/readerly"""" text of Barthes. On the basis of inheriting the theory of """"encoding and decoding"""" of Hall, he also absorbs the theory of """"resisting"""" of Decerteacc. Then, he thinks that audience don't simply passively absorb while contacting media, but have a kind of strong positive initiative, can """"produce"""" and """"consume"""" the meaning from the text according to their own demand.

费斯克将现代的大众传媒与中世纪的&吟游诗人&进行类比，指出大众传媒具有塑造集体文化的功能；在葛兰西文化霸权理论的影响下，他将媒介文本视为一个意义开放的空间，并借鉴艾科的&开放式／封闭式&文本及巴特的&作者式／读者式&文本概念，进一步将媒介文本界定为一种&大众的生产者式文本&；他在继承霍尔编码／解码理论的基础上，又吸收了德塞图的&抵抗理论&，认为受众在接触媒介时不是一味消极被动的&吸收&，而是具有一种强烈的积极主动性，能够按照自己的需求从文本中&生产&和&消费&意义。

The results show that the formation-ages of granitic plutons in the southern side of the Mayin'ebo fault in the researched area are (334.1±9.5) Ma,(300±9) Ma and (280±12) Ma with the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.70433, 0.70435 and 0.70384, respectively, and that they were generated at different stages of middle-late Variscan Movement.

选取新疆东准噶尔北部青格里河下游一带鸟图布拉克、阿热勒托别和哈旦逊岩体等具一定规模的3个代表性岩体，通过全岩Rb-Sr等时线同位素定年，确定了研究区内玛音鄂博断裂南侧花岗岩类的形成时代分别为(334.1±9.5)Ma、(300±9)Ma和(280±12)Ma，其初始87Sr/86Sr比值分别为0.70433、0.70435和

Tesor des Papes, originated in middle ages Europe, is the most famous producing area in valle du Rhone. The Roman Pope came here to take refugee from the grand plague in Europe and stayed for over one hundred years. To drink wine, the Pope chose this land for plantation, here comes the name of the area.

教皇新堡在整个罗纳河谷是最为出名的产区，其起源于中世纪欧洲，由于欧洲大瘟疫，罗马教皇避难来到此地，居住了100多年，教皇要喝酒，于是选择了这片土地种植，由此得名。

Boethius is generally called "the first scholastic" because he provided the first Latin translations of Aristotle's logic and other basic works used in the schools of the early Middle Ages as a prerequisite to understanding the Bible and the Latin Church Fathers and to becoming an educated person.

波爱修斯是一般所谓的&第一学校&，因为他提供了第一个拉美翻译亚里士多德的逻辑和其他的基本工程用的，在学校的中世纪早期的一个先决条件，以了解圣经和拉丁美洲教会的父亲，并成为教育的人。

Savonarola . In the later Middle Ages the order was equaled in influence only by the Franciscans, the two orders sharing much power in the church and often in the Roman Catholic states and arousing frequent hostility on the part of the parochial clergy, whose rights often seemed to be invaded by the friars.

在后来的中世纪该命令是在持平的影响，只能由方济会，这两项命令分享大的权力，在教会里，而且往往在罗马天主教的国家，并引起了频繁的敌意，对部分的狭隘的神职人员，他们的权利往往似乎被侵占，由方济各会士。

The papacy emerged during the High Middle Ages (1050-1500) as the real leader of Western Christendom, beginning with the so-called Gregorian reform movement (its claims neatly epitomized in twenty-seven dicta noted down by Pope Gregory VII), culminating initially in the reign of Pope Innocent III (his reforms permanently inscribed in the Fourth Lateran Council), and waning again during the Great Schism and the conciliar movement.

教宗出现在高中世纪（ 1050年至1500年）作为真正的领导人，西方基督教，开始与所谓的阳历的改革运动（其索赔整齐地概括了在2007年dicta记下由罗马教皇格雷戈里七），最终导致最初在统治诺森三世（他的改革永久铭刻在第四次拉特兰会），和日渐缩小的期间再次大分裂和conciliar运动。

"We owe the agricultural restoration of a great part of Europe to the monks"(Hallam,"Middle Ages", III,436);"The Benedictine monks were the agriculturists of Europe"(Guizot,"Histoire de la Civilisation", II,75); such testimony, which could be multiplied from writers of every creed, is enough for the purpose here.

&我们欠农业恢复一个伟大的欧洲的一部分，以和尚&（海兰姆，&中世纪&，三， 436 ）；&本笃会僧侣被agriculturists ，欧洲&（基佐，&历史学德香格里拉文明&，第二章， 75 ）；此种证词，这可能是乘以从作家的每一个信仰，是不够的目的，在这里。

"We owe the agricultural restoration of a great part of Europe to the monks"(Hallam,"Middle Ages", III,436);"The Benedictine monks were the agriculturists of Europe"(Guizot,"Histoire de la Civilisation", II,75); such testimony, which could be multiplied from writers of every creed, is enough for the purpose here.

&我们应该恢复农业的很大一部分欧洲僧侣&（哈勒姆，&中世纪&，第三章， 436 ）；&的本笃会僧侣是农民的欧洲&（基佐，&史文明之光&，二， 75 ）；这种证言，可以成倍从每一个作家的信仰，是足以让这里的目的。

These subjects became especially common, however, in the late Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Renaissance, probably because depictions of Christ's suffering were in keeping with the heightened religious emotion that followed the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War.

这些科目成了尤其普遍，不过，在中世纪后期，并在一开始的文艺复兴运动，可能是因为描写耶稣的苦难符合加剧宗教情感随后黑死病与百年战争。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。