查询词典 the Middle Ages

The new progresses:(1)the anatomic studies on the leaves, stems and cones of 25 species Late Mesozoic conifers, particularly those very similar to the living genera, such as Athrotaxites, Torreya, Taxus, Cephalotaxopsis, Cunninghamia and the cheirolepidaceous conifers, such as Brachyphyllum and Psudofrenelopsis;(2) the distribution and evolution of the Late Mesozoic conifers, the relationship between the concentration of CO2 of the atmosphere and the stoma index of the gymnosperms during the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous;(3) the characters, compositions and ages of the Jurassic floras of Yabula Basin, and Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia and the Early Cretaceous floras and Jiuquan basin and Beishan Area of Gansu.

对12属25种中生代松柏类的枝叶、球果及茎干化石进行了解剖研究，特别是对与现生松柏类相似的Athrotaxites， Torreya， Taxus， Cephalotaxopsis， Cunninghamia及可能属于掌鳞杉科的Brachyphyllum， Psudofrenelopsis等的研究较为深入，发现了4个新种；总结了中国晚中生代松柏类的特点及分布，讨论了重点属的起源和演化问题；研究了中侏罗世、早白垩世及现代裸子植物包括松柏类气孔与大气CO2浓度关系，发现气

Therefore, above-mentioned age dating together with previous chronologic data led us to conclude that the Sulu HP-UHP nappes have two basements: the Early-Middle Protrozoic (≥2400 Ma) basement in the N. Sulu and the Neoprotrozoic (700-800 Ma) basement in the S. Sulu. The basement ages in the N. Sulu together with its western part of the no-UHP metamorphic area (Laiyang-Penglai) are similar and named by the Jiao-Liao-Korea block belong to the NCP. Besides, the boundary between both of the S. Sulu UHP area and JLKB is along north Wulian and south Haiyangsuo.

北苏鲁超高压变质地区的花岗质片麻岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年表明，变质基底的年龄是2400Ma（或＞2400Ma），并经历了1800～1700Ma和～200Ma的变质事件，研究表明苏鲁高压－超高压变质地体由2个不同时代变质基底组成，北苏鲁的变质基底属于北中国板块胶辽朝地块的一部分，形成时代比南苏鲁基底老得多，其与南苏鲁地块之间的界限位于五莲以北到海阳所以南一线。

Based on A.Greif's study of the relation between cultural tradition and institutional changes, this paper, utilizing game theory and historical evidences, discussed the different cultural tradition of Genoa and Maghribi traders in late Middle Ages and its effects on the selection of economic institution, political system and social structural changes, and gave a new explanation for the source of the ramifications in the institution changes of the East and the West.

本文以格瑞夫关于文化传统与制度变迁关系问题的研究为基础，运用了博弈论与历史经验的归纳性分析相结合的研究方法，以中世纪晚期的热那亚和马格里布为典型案例，对不同文化传统对经济制度、政治体制和社会结构变迁所产生的影响，进行了深入具体的历史比较制度分析，并进一步对东西方国家长期制度变迁出现轨迹分叉的根源，提出了全新的说明与阐释。

Second, in this paper we recite and analyse how the painting masters of the different history stage used light and colors from "Prehistorical art" to "Rome art" imitating light and colors,"Middle ages art" creating "Sanctitude light","Revival of learning" representing nature light and colors and then light was used to create the drama light, Impressionistic using the light of science and impairing light instead emphasizing sensibility colors in modern times. Painting lives by the light and colors all along in the painting history.

从史前艺术、希腊罗马艺术的模仿光与色，到中世纪艺术创造神圣之光，再到文艺复兴的再现自然光线与色彩，然后到17世纪的主观处理光线形成&戏剧之光&、印象派的科学用光、现代绘画淡化光线并强调情感色彩，光线和色彩一直贯穿在历史的绘画长河里。

Based on the regional tectonic evolution, combined with the high precision isotopic ages from this paper and other geologists, we have some new acquaintances as follows: 1 There has no Caledonian granite belt distributed in north margin of North China Craton. So, the traditional evolving model of North China Carton, which formed on this idea and the acquaintance about the collision of North China plate and Siberian plate, must be incorrect; 2 The age date show that the earliest magmatic activity began since late-Palaeozoic Permian, which is inconsistent with the previous idea that there were Caledonian and Hercynian active continental margin in the north of North China Craton and in the south Xingkai Massif. 3 the crust and lithosphere were thickened by the subduction and collision of Siberia plate and North China plate during Late Paleozoic. The magma is formed when the crust is heated and melts caused by thickened lithosphere delamination and caused the Asthenosphere upwelling. But only a little basaltic magma erupted, most magma underplate under the bottom of the crust. Thermal energy derived from basaltic magma underplating made the middle and lower crust melt partially and the late Permian-early Triassic granites is formed in large scale.

根据区域构造演化分析，并结合本文及他人高精度同位素年龄，我们对延边花岗岩形成的大地构造环境有了新的认识：1在华北地台北缘并不存在所谓的加里东花岗岩带，因此，建立在此之上的传统的华北地台北缘演化模式及有关西伯利亚板块与华北板块的碰撞拼合的认识也必然是不正确的；2华北地台北缘和兴凯地块南缘不存在加里东期和海西期花岗岩带，表明两地块边缘最早的花岗质岩浆活动始于晚古生代的二叠纪，即不存在传统观点所认为的加里东期或海西期活动陆缘；3晚古生代由于西伯利亚板块与华北板块的俯冲碰撞，致使地壳和岩石圈增厚，导致加厚岩石圈发生拆沉作用，使得软流圈上涌，加热地壳使之熔融形成岩浆，但玄武质岩浆少量喷出地表，大部分底侵于地壳底部，形成下地壳高密度的玄武质底侵层，玄武质岩浆底侵的热能引起中下地壳广泛部分熔融，形成大面积分布的晚二叠世—早三叠世花岗岩。

Liberalism, as a school of thought and a social ideational campaign, is a Europeanizing phenomenon from middle ages to modern times. But Russian liberalism existed and played its role as a variance of European liberalism——"have-not" liberalism. At the beginning of 18th century, the reform of Peter the Great provided the soil for the western culture permeating through Russia.

自由主义作为一种思想流派和社会思想政治运动，是从中世纪向近代社会过渡时期的全欧现象，而俄国的自由主义则是以欧洲自由主义的变异形态即&不充分的自由主义&存在并发挥作用的。18世纪初彼得大帝的改革为西方文化渗入俄国土壤提供了温床。

Based on the analysis of the city-state system in ancient Greece,the church system in middle-ages and the social contact theory in the period of the Bourgeois Revolution,comes up a conclusion that the concept of civil society immerges with different forms and structures and also displays certain characteristics over the long human history.

文章通过分析古希腊城邦制、中世纪的教会以及资产阶级革命时期的社会契约理论，得到的结论是公民社会理念在历史长河中以不同的形式与结构隐没，并表现出一定的特点。

Based on the analysis of the city-state system in ancient Greece, the church system in middle-ages and the social contact theory in the period of the Bourgeois Revolution, comes up a conclusion that the concept of civil society immerges with different forms and structures and also displays certain characteristics over the long human history.

后经西塞罗于公元1 2005—09—16 姚楠(1981一)。女。山西大同人，中国矿业是学文法学院马克思主义研究和思想政治教育研充生。研究方向为岔民社会世纪将其转译为拉丁文'socitas civilis'，不仅意指单一国家，而且也指业已发达到出现城市的文明政治共同体的生活状况&？1。之后就是我们通用的&civil society的用法。

Any religious phenomenons is the synthetical results of the various factors, involving the fluctuation of the politics,economy and concept,etc. The phenomenon of building nunneries in great quantities at high middle ages obviously had relations with the important changes which differed from the former.

任何一种宗教现象产生的背后是各种因素综合作用的结果，涉及到政治、经济、观念等方面的变动，中世纪盛期出现大量兴建修女院的现象，显然与公元1000年左右西欧社会所发生的跟以往不同的重大变化有关。

The Upper Triassic Wanglongtan Formation overlies on the strata of different ages such as the Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation, the Middle Triassic Badong Formation and the Upper Triassic Jiuligang Formation in Three Gorges area, and an apparent depositional break exists between them.

三峡地区上三叠统王龙滩组超覆在下三叠统嘉陵江组、中三叠统巴东组或上三叠统九里岗组等不同时代的地层之上，两者间存在一明显的沉积间断面。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。