查询词典 the Middle Ages

The original sin, the faith and asceticism are the spiritual catalyst of sports of constitutional government of modern times in Christianity; The natural law theory of the theology passes the ancient spirit of constitutional government of ancient Rome of Greece on; dualization structure of religion and politics leads directly to people's freedom of belief in Middle Ages; The struggle for right with the king and noble produces the young type of the modern constitution.

基督教的"原罪说"、信仰主义和禁欲主义是近现代宪政运动的精神催化剂，神学自然法学说传承了古希腊古罗马的古代宪政精神，中世纪政教二元化结构体系直接导致人的信仰自由，教会与国王、贵族的权力斗争产生了近代宪法的雏形。

Liberalism, as a school of thought and a social ideational campaign, is a Europeanizing phenomenon from middle ages to modern times. But Russian liberalism existed and played its role as a variance of European liberalism——"have-not" liberalism. At the beginning of 18th century, the reform of Peter the Great provided the soil for the western culture permeating through Russia.

自由主义作为一种思想流派和社会思想政治运动，是从中世纪向近代社会过渡时期的全欧现象，而俄国的自由主义则是以欧洲自由主义的变异形态即"不充分的自由主义"存在并发挥作用的。18世纪初彼得大帝的改革为西方文化渗入俄国土壤提供了温床。

By comparison with the England parliament, the thesis tries to give a preliminary study of the Germany Landtag, and to analyze and discuss its type of organization、structure、function、historical limitations. I think that my studies will contribute our knowledge and understandings about Germany history from the Later Middle ages to the Early Modern to that epoch.

本文旨在通过对中世纪晚期德意志政治、经济及社会结构的分析，与英、法议会相比较，对德意志邦国议会的组织形式、结构功能、历史局限作一粗浅的探讨，以期对中世纪晚期至近代早期的德意志历史有更深入的认识和理解。

The author in this paper tries to explore the derivative of the idea of American law and its particularity : the idea of modern American property law has been evolving based on the mechanistic-atomism ideological Paradigm which was brought about by the criticism of scientific revolution of 17th century towards organicism in ancient and middle ages , which emphasizes the ascendancy of individual interest .

在近代科学革命和文化思想模式变革的大背景下，考察近代美国财产法理念的衍生及其特质：近代美国财产法理念是建立在17世纪科学革命对古代和中世纪有机论的批判中产生的机械－原子论主导思想模式基础上的，因而强调个人利益的支配地位。

The author in this paper tries to explore the derivative of the idea of American law and its particularity:the idea of modem American property law has been evolving based on the mechanistic—atomism ideological Paradigm which was brought about by the criticism of scientific revolution of 17th century towards organicism in ancient and middle ages,which emphasizes the ascendancy of individual interest.

在近代科学革命和文化思想模式变革的大背景下，考察近代美国财产法理念的衍生及其特质：近代美国财产法理念是建立在17世纪科学革命对古代和中世纪有机论的批判中产生的机械一原子论主导思想模式基础上的，因而强调个人利益的支配地位。

The second part is the key of this paper. The author focuses on making an induction of expressive skills, cognitive process and beauty appreciation changes on color language in western painting in different periods, from primitive society to the ancient Greece, from Middle Ages to Renaissance, from the 17~ and 19~ century to the 20~ century. At the same time, the author makes a comparison between the typical works of typical artists and analyses the typical color language and its expressive approach. In addition, the author brushes the evolution relationship contained in color, such as symbolism, decoration, mitation, abstract and expressiveness of language, with the purpose of displaying the main features of color language in different periods and discovering the evolution relationship , its necessity and sequence.

其次，本文重点归纳总结了西方美术史各阶段，包括原始社会、古希腊到中世纪、文艺复兴、十七至十九世纪直至二十世纪绘画色彩语言的表现技巧和认知过程及审美嬗变，在此基础上纵向比较了以上各阶段典型画家的典型作品中的色彩语言和表现方法，并对西方绘画中具有象征性、装饰性、模仿性、抽象性和表现性的色彩语言及其演进关系也进行了纵向逻辑梳理，从而归纳出各个时期绘画色彩语言的基本特点及其历史演进的必然性和秩序性。

Second, in this paper we recite and analyse how the painting masters of the different history stage used light and colors from "Prehistorical art" to "Rome art" imitating light and colors,"Middle ages art" creating "Sanctitude light","Revival of learning" representing nature light and colors and then light was used to create the drama light, Impressionistic using the light of science and impairing light instead emphasizing sensibility colors in modern times. Painting lives by the light and colors all along in the painting history.

从史前艺术、希腊罗马艺术的模仿光与色，到中世纪艺术创造神圣之光，再到文艺复兴的再现自然光线与色彩，然后到17世纪的主观处理光线形成"戏剧之光"、印象派的科学用光、现代绘画淡化光线并强调情感色彩，光线和色彩一直贯穿在历史的绘画长河里。

Different text of the Western idol worship is divided into three important historical periods : ancient times -- primitive worship. Middle Ages -- Knight worship of the Church and, in modern times -- the self-worship. and in these historical periods under the backs of these idols in Western eyes of the Westerners analysis to observe how they evaluate their own values and how to handle their relations with the community.

文中把不同的西方偶像崇拜划分为三个重要的历史时期：远古时期——原始崇拜，中世纪——教会和骑士崇拜，近代——个人的自我崇拜，并在这些历史时期的背影下对这些西方偶像在西方人心目中的地位来分析，借以观察他们是如何评价自身价值，如何处理自身与社会的关系。

In the Late Middle Ages sumptuary laws were instituted as a way for the nobility to cap the conspicuous consumption of the prosperous bourgeoisie of medi cities , and they continued to be used for these purposes well into the seventeenth century.

在中世纪末期，禁奢法伪贵族开创了一种方式，遮掩了中世纪城市贵族奢侈的消费。为了这些目的，他们继续使用禁奢法延续到17世纪。

Same as other thinkers in Middle Ages, the question of God's existence is the key of Bonaventure system. God is the beginning and the end our thinking and action, and all the theory is built according to God.

和其他中世纪的思想家一样，上帝存在的问题是波纳文图拉思想体系的核心问题，上帝既是一切问题得以展开的起点，也是我们思考和行动的终点，其整个思想体系都是围绕上帝而建立起来的。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。