查询词典 the Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages people used to carve amicable numbers into pieces of fruit.

在中世纪，人们会把一组亲和数刻在水果切块上。

In the Middle Ages, chicken soup was believed to be an aphrodisiac.

在中世纪，鸡汤被认为是能壮阳的。

The Middle Ages is called as the heroic age of chivalry.At first,the chivalry in Western Europe in Middle Ages is a cavalryman in heavy equipment who originated from the old Germanic convention.They played a decisive role in the battlefield of Europe in the Middle Ages.

中世纪西欧骑士制度是一种形式化的制度，它是以军事采邑为基础，以骑士服役为特征，把基督教作为它的指导思想，以中小封建主统治为本质的骑士阶层所特有的组织制度、道德准则等诸多方面的总称。

The Kissing Theology — The Florilegium of Monastic Love Letters In The Middle Ages , The SanLian Bookstore Press 1998,Page4.The pursuance of eternity made numerous believers joined in the monastic movement. The female monastic movement experienced the stages of embryo, development, high tide and falling in the western history. The high peak of the development occurred between 1000 — 1300A.D. in the high middle ages. At that time, the number of the nunneries experienced a inflation stage.

亲吻神学——中世纪修道院情书选》，三联书店1998年版，第4页这种对永恒的追求使众多善男信女纷纷投身到修道行列当中，在西方历史上，女性修道运动经历了一个萌芽、发展、高潮及衰落阶段，其发展的高峰期，约发生于中世纪盛期1000—1300年期间，此时，西欧各地出现了一个修女院数量急剧膨胀的阶段，其规模之大、人数之多及影响之深远是前所未有的。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，"国家"代替"帝国"，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

II, Western Europe, the Middle Ages is the period from the Western Roman Empire in AD 476 by the year of extinction by the middle of the 17th century, the continuation of a total of 1,200 years.

二、西欧中世纪时期是从公元476年西罗马帝国灭亡到公元17世纪中叶，共延续了1200年之久。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，&国家&代替&帝国&，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

In the Middle Ages, people started building dikes to keep the sea out, and today there are about 1000 miles of them.

为防止水灾发生，人类实施了The Delta Works及The Measlandkering这两项伟大的工程。

The nunneries of the Western Europe in the middle age was the monastic community which was tied by the religion .Also it was a special view which rooted in European cultural soil of the Middle Ages.

中世纪西欧的修女院是女性以信仰为纽带联结在一起的修道团体，也是植根于中世纪欧洲文化土壤中的一道独特景观。

Ma Yuan admires the great artists of the pre-Renaissance very ,mucn,sucn as ,poteqilli,Angelica,and Masaqeu,etc,The art of these artists lied in the period between theMiddla Ages and the Renaissance,during which the divine spirit of the Middle Ages was finely inherited,and the spitrit and breath ofa neew age was gradually standing out.

在马元的《红衣系列》中，画家内在性在吸收了欧洲文艺复兴前期大师形式语言资源，同时也找到了它和自己的表达主题的整合方式，这主要体现于马元的造型语言要素中，有两种因素是需要特别指出的，这就是垂直线造型的强调运用和红色的强调运用。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。