查询词典 thalami

The effects of HYP with different concentrations on the culture of thalami and shoots in vitro were investigated.

对花托和组培苗多次HYP间隔胁迫筛选，获得了经5次和6次筛选的初选变异系各1个。

It is thought that there's an independent neural pathway through which itch is transferred mainly by peripheral unmyelinated C fibers to the most superficial part of dorsal horn, then the lamina Ⅰ spinothalamic tract ascends to the thalami and further projects to the cortex.

目前认为存在独立的痒觉神经传导通路，主要由外周无髓C纤维传入信号至脊髓背侧角的最浅层，Lamina Ⅰ脊髓丘脑束上行至丘脑，进一步投射至皮质区。

MRI findings comprised Corpus mamillare,Ventriculus tertius,thalami,Agueductus cerebriarea nonormal Changes.Conclusions Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is an metabolic encephalopathy because...

结论Wernicke-Korsakoff综合征是维生素B1缺乏导致的代谢性脑病，具有特殊的病因，临床与影像学表现，磁共振是重要的诊断手段。

The increase in either OCDAS or AAS scores associated with provocation was statistically significant (P＜0.01). A statistically significant increase (P＜0.05) in rCBV during the OCD symptomatic state versus the control state was found in the right inferiofrontal cortex, postcentral cortex, angular cortex, and bilateral orbitofrontal cortices, cuneus cortices, heads of caudate neucli, thalami and amygdalae.

结果 静息期和诱发期的强迫症状评分结果分别是1.00±0.33和6.65±0.71，有显著性差异（P＜0.01）；静息期和诱发期的焦虑症状评分结果分别是1.20±0.42和2.75±0.42，也有显著性差异（P＜0.01）；与静息期相比，右侧额下回、中央后回、角回、双侧眶额部、楔叶皮质及双侧尾状核头、丘脑、杏仁核rCBV在症状诱发期显著增加（P＜0.05）。

A detailed US examination using a3.5- MHz transabdominal probe demonstrated a fused single ventricle, a fused thalami, a cleft lip and palate, and the absence of falx cerebri in her fetus.

腹部超音波显示胎儿有单一脑室，融合的视丘及缺少大脑帘并唇裂及颚裂畸形。

ER, NGF and ChAT immunoreactive productions were widely presented in diencephalons, mainly in nucleus habenula, nucleus corpus geniculatum lateral, nucleus medialis thalami, nucleus lateral thalami, nucleus paraventricularis, nucleus paratenialis, nucleus rhomboidens, grisea periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypoythalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, anterior region and posterior region hypothalami.

老年大鼠和去卵巢大鼠端脑大部分区域内ER、NGF和ChAT的表达活性及阳性细胞数目均显著下降，而补充17β－雌二醇后得到回升，并基本恢复到正常水平，表明雌激素通过ER对端脑内NGF和ChAT的表达有促进作用，这种作用可能部分地与雌激素对NGF的上调而作用于胆碱能神经元有关，也可能是雌激素通过ER直接调控了ChAT的表达，增强神经信息的传递。

The results showed that 0.4mg/ml HYP was the proper dosage for thalami and shoots in vitro and 0.6mg/ml was appropriate for 25 d precultured thalami.

华南师范大学硕士学位论文非洲菊耐热变异的离体筛选与初步鉴定 4。

Methods:50 whole brains were serially horizonatally sliced with each section 2 mm in thickness.The two -dimensional image of each section was corrected and aligned at first.After corre spondence by experts identifying thalami,tiling based on contour matching and surface-fitting with NURBS interpolation,thalami were reconstructed on computer.

对50只整脑100个丘脑作2 mm厚的连续水平切面，运用表面重建法对丘脑进行计算机三维重建；首先对各切面二维图像进行配准与校正，再采用专家辩认核团、基于轮廓匹配的轮廓拼接、非线性有理B样条插值等方法手段，精确地重建了丘脑。

Results On CT,of 8 cases.Symmetric hypodense areas of bilaleral thalami and internal capsules were fund in 7 cases.symmetric hypodese areas of bilateral basal gangalia were simutaneosly seen in 5 cases.On MRI,of 5 cases,symmetric Long-T1 and long-T2 signals of bilaleral thalami,internal capsules and basal ganglias were fund in all cases;Thrombi were seen in vein of Galen and oringinal of straight sinus in 5 cases in a period of 3～11 day after the disease came on.It were displyed hyperdensity on CT and short-T1 and long-T2 signals on MRI and disppeared in a period of 14～30 days after the diseases came on.

结果 CT表现为双丘脑、双内囊对称性低密度影7例，同时并有双基底节对称性低密度影5例，MRI表现为双丘脑、双内囊及双基底节区对称性长T1、长T2异常信号5例；5例发病后3～11天内于Galen静脉及直窦起始部可见栓子，CT表现为高密度，MR表现为短T1、长T2异常信号，14天后检查栓子消失。

The effects and mechanism of GABAergic neurons, NOergic neurons, opioid peptide and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the nucleus reticularis thalami on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats and the effects and mechanism of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from the nucleus raphes dorsalis to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats were investigated with the methods of brain stereotaxic, nucleus spile, microinjection and polysomngraphy.1. The effects of GABAergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats1.1 Microinjection of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP, a kind of glutamate decarboxylase inhibitor) into RT. On the day of microinjection, sleep only decreased a litter. On the second day, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. On the third and fourth day, sleep and wakefulness stages resumed to normal.1.2 Microinjection of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA 1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control; while microinjection of L-glutamate (L-Glu, 0.2μg) decreased sleep and increased wakefulness; microinjection of bicuculline (BIC, 1.0μg), a GABAA receptor antagonist, enhanced wakefulness and reduced sleep; microinjection of baclofen (BAC, 1.0μg), GABAB receptor agonist, had the same effects as GABA.2. The effects of NOergic neurons in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats2.1 Microinjection of L-arginine (L-Arg, 0.5μg) into RT decreased sleep compared with control, but there were on statistaical difference between L-Arg group and control; while microinjection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.2μg), a NO donor into RT, sleep marked decreased and wakefulness marked increased. Microinjection of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 2.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.2.2 After simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and SNP (0.2μg) into RT, SNP abolished the sleep-promoting effect of L-NNA compared with L-NNA group; after simultaneous microinjection of L-NNA (2.0μg) and L-Arg(0.5μg) into RT, we found that L-NNA could not blocked the wakefulness-promoting effect of L-Arg.3. The effects of opioid peptide in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats3.1 Microinjection of morphine sulfate (MOR, 1.0μg) into RT increased wakefulness and decreased sleep compared with control; while microinjection of naloxone hydrochloride (NAL, 1.0μg), the antagonist of opiate receptors, into RT, enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness.3.2 After simultaneous microinjection of MOR (1.0μg) and NAL (1.0μg) into RT, the wakefulness-promoting effect of MOR and the sleep-promoting effect of NAL were not observed compared with control.4. The effects of cAMP in RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats Microinjection of cAMP (1.0μg) into RT increased sleep and decreased wakefulness compared with control; microinjection of methylene blue (MB,1.0μg) into RT enhanced sleep and reduced wakefulness compared with control.5. The effects of the 5-HTergic nerve fibers project from DRN to RT on sleep-wakefulness cycle of rats5.1 When L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and normal sodium (NS,1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT. We found that sleep was decreased and wakefulness was increased compared with control; when L-Glu (0.2μg) was microinjected into DRN and methysergide (MS,1.0μg), a non-selective 5-HT antagonist, was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was enhanced and wakefulness was reduced compared with L-Glu group.5.2 When p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 10μg) was microinjected into DRN and NS (1.0μg) was microinjected into bilateral RT, We found that sleep was increased and wakefulness was decreased compared with control; microinjection of 5-hydroxytryptaphan (5-HTP, 1.0μg), which can convert to 5-HT by the enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase and enhance 5-HT into bilateral RT, could block the effect of microinjection of PCPA into DRN on sleep-wakefulness cycle.

本研究采用脑立体定位、核团插管、微量注射、多导睡眠描记等方法，研究丘脑网状核(nucleus reticularis thalami，RT)中γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-amino butyric acid ，GABA)能神经元、一氧化氮(nitrogen monoxidum，NO)能神经元、阿片肽类神经递质、环一磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophosphate，cAMP)及中缝背核(nucleus raphes dorsalis，DRN)至RT的5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)能神经纤维投射对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响及其作用机制。1 RT内GABA能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响1.1大鼠RT内微量注射GABA合成关键酶抑制剂3-巯基丙酸(3-MP，5μg)，注射当天睡眠时间略有减少，第二日睡眠时间显著减少，觉醒时间明显增多，第三、四日睡眠和觉醒时间逐渐恢复至正常。1.2大鼠RT内微量注射GABA受体激动剂GABA( 1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加，觉醒时间减少；而RT内微量注射L-谷氨酸(glutamic acid， L-Glu， 0.2μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAA受体阻断剂荷包牡丹碱(bicuculline，BIC，1.0μg)后，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增加；RT内微量注射GABAB受体激动剂氯苯氨丁酸(baclofen，BAC，1.0μg)后，产生了与GABA相似的促睡眠效果。2 RT内NO能神经元对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响2.1大鼠RT内微量注射NO的前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg，0.5μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间略有减少，但无显著性意义；而RT内微量注射NO的供体硝普钠(Sodium Nitroprusside，SNP，0.2μg)后可明显增加觉醒时间，缩短睡眠时间；微量注射一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-硝基精氨酸(L-arginine，L-NNA，2.0μg)后，引起睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。2.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和SNP(0.2μg)后与L-NNA组比较发现SNP逆转了L-NNA的促睡眠作用；RT内同时微量注射L-NNA(2.0μg)和L-Arg(0.5μg)后，与L-NNA(2.0μg)组比较发现L-Arg可以增加觉醒而缩短睡眠，其促觉醒作用未能被NOS的抑制剂L-NNA所逆转。3 RT内阿片肽对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响3.1大鼠RT内微量注射硫酸吗啡(morphine sulfate，MOR，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组对比，睡眠时间减少而觉醒时间增加； RT内微量注射阿片肽受体拮抗剂盐酸纳洛酮(naloxone hydrochloride，NAL，1.0μg)后与生理盐水组比较，睡眠时间增加而觉醒时间减少。3.2大鼠RT内同时微量注射MOR(1.0μg)和NAL(1.0μg)后，与生理盐水组对比，原有的MOR促觉醒效果和NAL的促睡眠效果都没有表现。4 RT内环一磷酸腺苷信使对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响大鼠RT内微量注射cAMP(1.0μg)后与NS(1.0μg)组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少；RT内微量注射亚甲蓝(methylene blue，MB，1.0μg)后，与NS组比较，睡眠时间增多而觉醒时间减少。5中缝背核投射到丘脑网状核的5-羟色胺能神经纤维对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响5.1大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 0.2μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多；大鼠DRN内微量注射L-Glu(0.2μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射二甲基麦角新碱(methysergide， MS， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射L-Glu 0.2μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少。5.2大鼠DRN内微量注射对氯苯丙氨酸(p-chlorophenylalanine，PCPA，10μg)，同时在双侧RT内微量注射NS (1.0μg)后，与对照组(DRN和双侧RT注射NS， 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间增多，觉醒时间减少；大鼠DRN内微量注射PCPA(10μg)，产生睡眠增多效应后，在双侧RT内微量注射5-羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptaphan ， 5-HTP， 1.0μg )后，与对照组(DRN注射PCPA 10μg，双侧RT注射NS 1.0μg)比较，睡眠时间减少，觉醒时间增多。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。