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In this paper,using annuity theory and combining with State Department′s 'the decision of establishing consolidated corporation employee pension system',the actuarial model of pension substitute rate with different contributing years to employees is derived;moreover,using this model,simulation is tested,which has important theoretical significance and practical application value to calculating substitute rate and completing the China pension policy.

利用年金理论并结合1997年国务院《关于建立统一的企业职工基本养老保险制度的决定》文件，得到我国职工在不同缴费年限下基本养老保险替代率精算模型，并利用该模型对基本养老保险替代率进行模拟分析。这对于明确我国当前基本养老保险替代率及完善基本养老保险政策具有重要的理论指导意义和实际应用价值。

As to the remaining parameters, two methods are developed: first, accepting that the projection function complies with a circular function within at least a part of a given field of view, constrained by the obtained object-to-image radial mapping and a constant focal length, the best-fitting point of the optical origin is tested along the optical axis; secondly, referring to the postulation of the exclusively bilateral mapping between an imaged point and its scenic sight ray, a measuring technique is developed to survey the world coordinates which will fabricate a projecting path to the imaged points located on the imageable region of the image plane in order to directly model the projection geometries involved.

而针对其余参数本文提出两种解题方法：其一是根据『在「部分视野角范围」内，鱼眼相机的投射模型符合一典型的「圆形函数」』以标靶实体与其影像尺寸为限制条件，测试光学轴上的最佳视觉参考点、鉴定最适当的投射模型、焦距、及有效的视野角度范围。其二是根据『一视野线排他性地与对应「呈影点」一一映射』参考一呈影点来搜寻空间中对应视野线的绝对座标后，据以演绎相机内部影像形成的模型。

The main innovations of this dissertation are as follows:(1) When the previous researches tested the McCallum Rule in the form of nominal income target, the constant term in the rule expression, namely the logarithm of the growth rate of nominal income was determined subjectively and casually because the potential economic growth rate is difficult to estimate.

本文的主要创新点有：(1)以往研究在检验名义收入目标形式的麦克勒姆规则时，规则表达式中的常数项即名义收入增长率对数值的确定具有一定的主观性和随意性，原因在于潜在经济增长率难以估计。

Finally the chip was verified and the intelligent AC contactor was tested.

最后进行了芯片验证和智能交流接触器测试。

It was tested and studied roundly that the CJ20-400 contactor was controlled by using the ASIC system.

对CJ20-400接触器采用智能交流接触器专用芯片系统控制进行了全面的测试研究。

The atmosphere in areas in which hydrogen gas may be vented and might collect should be tested with a portable or continuous flammable gas analyzer.

用便携式或连续可燃气体分析仪来监测特定区域的空气，这些区域包括氢气排放口和氢容易积聚的地方。

The atmosphere in areas in which carbon dioxide gas may be vented and collect should be tested with a portable or continuous monitoring carbon dioxide gas analyzer to ensure ventilation is adequate.

应该用移动或连续的二氧化碳监测分析仪来测试可能排出或积累二氧化碳气体的区域，以保证通风是充分的。

Several discretization methods for the continuous data set are tested and evaluated.

由于训练样本是连续性的数据，采取了3种离散化方法：等频法、等距法和最大熵法。

The trends were tested with the medians of the intake as a continuous variable in the logistic model.

线性趋势检验以钙，维生素D和奶制品四个剂量组的中位数作为连续变量，P值为双尾概率。

The pressure oscillation which can t be tested by continuity equation is prevented by means of a special averaging procedure of contravariant velocity components on control volume faces.

提出了在贴体坐标系中非交错网格的SIMPLE 算法，通过对控制界面上的逆变速度分量作特殊加权平均处理，可避免在非交错网格中产生压力波动而连续性方程又无法检测出来的问题

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷