查询词典 test of hypothesis

Relationship between null and alternative hypothesis; Level of significance; typical steps of hypothesis test, two type errors, critical values.

教学目的：通过学习领会统计假设测验即统计推断的原理及其基本步骤，统计假设测验的两类错误及其关系。

The common method, that all strong-correlation terms of the model are eliminated, can bring the loss in the engineering application, so the new method is proposed that the identified model reserves some correlation. The augmented matrix A is constructed by the outputΔW and the matrix S. The"determinating order based on ratio of determinant"is brought out to screen the strong-correlation terms in the structure identification. The latent root estimation is improved in screening the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Thus the estimation precision is improved greatly.The consistence check of guidance instrument error coefficients of flight test and ground test is the purpose of flight experiment. The causes of inconsistency of the two models are analyzed. The hypothesis test of linear regression model based on F statistics is proposed to check the consistence.Finally, the instability of error coefficients is probably caused by the change of the flight environments, therefore, the relation between the error coefficients and flight environment is analyzed. The approach is presented to identify SINS guidance instrument error models and compensate the error in the segmented sections corresponding to the change of vertical acceleration of aircraft.

在结构辨识中，常用的方法由于将模型中的强相关项全部剔除而给工程应用带来损失，因此，本文提出了新的有益思想，即在保留一定相关性的基础上进行辨识：将输出向量ΔW与环境函数矩阵S构成增广矩阵A，然后采用"比定阶行列式"来剔除相关向量的方法，这样既可以尽可能多地保留了对落点影响大的强相关参数，又可以对落点影响小的强相关参数给予剔除；在参数估计中，改进了特征根估计中特征根和特征向量的筛选方法，提出"近零"准则，从而大大提高了参数估计的精度；再者，鉴于天地模型"一致性"检验是飞行试验和SINS制导工具误差系数分离的主要目的，因此，本文又深入分析了造成天地模型不一致的原因，提出了采用基于F统计的线性回归模型假设检验方法来进行捷联制导工具误差模型的天地"一致性"检验；最后，鉴于飞行环境剧烈变化可能会对惯性仪表误差系数稳定性带来一定的影响，因此本文深入地分析了SINS制导工具误差系数与外界环境的关系，提出了基于过载变化大小的分段辨识和分段实时补偿的算法。

After comparing the two type of tests,we came to some conclusions.The tests based on binomial test can be regarded as some kind of permutation tests under certain definition of "permutaton".If the tests are related to statistics,then whether they can be viewed as permutation tests depends on if the value of the probability,p,is known where p is the population parameter in the null hypothesis.For tests like Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test,since the statistics is calculated based on empirical distribution function,hence no matter how we repermutate the observations,the order statistics is the same.This kind of tests can't be regarded as permutation tests.

我们得到的结论为：在一般的无母数检定中，如果检定与binomial test相关，基本上都可以视作排列检定的一种；与卡方检定相关的检定，基本上和p值已知或是未知有关，这个p值为原始假设下所要检定的母体机率值；其他检定如Kolmogorov goodness-of-fit test，由於统计量的值是根据empirical distribution function决定，而不论如何重新排列样本，其顺序统计量都不变，所以无法视为一种排列检定。

In the test of weak-form efficient hypothesis, this thesis used auto regression, auto correlation function and unit root three models, and got the basically same results. In the test of semistrong-form efficient hypothesis, this thesis used market model, index return model and constant mean return model three ways to estimate the normal return when making use of event study, and the results were also basically same.

其中，为求全面和比较，在对弱势有效市场的假说的检验部分，本文运用了自回归检验、自相关函数检验和单位根检验三种计量模型，检验结果基本一致；在对半强势有效市场假说的检验部分，本文运用了事件研究法，并在估计正常收益率时使用了市场模型、指数收益模型以及均值模型三种方法，估计结果也相对一致。

In this paper wavelet transform and test of hypothesis are combined to detect activated areas in PET images.

提出一种把小波变换和统计检验结合起来检测PET图像激活区的方法。

The proposal will consist of an introduction that reviews the current literature, a testable hypothesis, a set of experiments to test this hypothesis, and a discussion of the possible outcomes and interpretation of the experiments.

提议需包括对目前相关文献的综述介绍，提出一个可实验验证的假说，一套检验此假说的实验方法，对可能结果的讨论，及对实验的解释。

The third part discusses one of the core context——demand analysis,it mainly analyzes the Randomness of demand,including source and influence.Then it analyzes Poisson demand process including Characteristics,proof and the thought,feasibility and necessity of transformation to Normal Distribution and it gives the way and process of transformation——parameter estimation,Then it verifies unbias of parameter and adopts\'test of hypothesis.

第三章探讨了库存成本中的核心内容之一——需求分析，即主要针对需求的随机性进行分析，包括随机性的来源与影响，继而对需求为泊松分布进行分析，包括特点，证明及其向正态分布的转化的思想，可行性及和必要性，并给出了转化的方法及步骤——参数估计，并进行参数估计的无偏检验和假设检验。

The problem of statistical discission in finite mixing distribution model and linear model is discussed in this thesis,including:Firstly,in the aspect of hypothesis test,we mainly discuss the general homogeneous hypothesis testing problem.

现将主要内容概述如下：一、在假设检验方面，本文主要研究了正态混合分稚模型的同构性检验问题，也就是说，检验观测数据究竟是来自单一的正态总体，还是混合正态总体。

In this paper, Iadopt statistics test, such as Wilcoxon, Sign and Paired-Samples T Test, to prove hypothesis : companies whose ROE are at the edge of collecting money demand will dispatch cash dividend in order to adjust ROE, making it meet collecting money demand, point out the nature of dividend policy in China is collecting money as well.

用实证研究方法，Wilcoxon、Sign和Paired Samples Test检验证明了假设&在融资要求边缘公司会利用派现，调整净资产收益率，达到融资要求&，指出我国属于融资式的股利政策。

If the working hypothesis for global warming is that it's a product of human activity, isn't the only way to test this hypothesis to stop our harmful emissions and seelater and collectivelywhat has happened?

如果全球变暖是由人类活动的这一假设可行的话，那麼检测这个假设的唯一方法是不是就是停止释放有害气体然后集中来看会发生什麼？

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。