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The thesis studies the difference between GWSs composition and traditional workflow applications, proposes the implement mechanism and technical architecture of GWSs composition and defines the reference model of GWSs composition platform, which provide holistic framework and top-level guidance for studying dynamic GWSs composition technology, designing GWSs composition platform, and implementing representative composite service applications.2、Theories and methods of composite process modeling and process analysis. This thesis proposes a meta-model of Geo-spatial Web services composition process defining from two aspects, i.e. process and resource. According to the process definition meta-model, we propose a new Geo-spatial Web services composition Process/Resource model based on extended WF-net, which effectively resolves the problems on uncertain activity option and dynamic variation of service in composite process model. A notion with regard to soundness of process model is proposed from three aspects, i.e. the structural correctness of process model, validity of data link and validity of resource. The notion of soundness definitely gives a dividing line on correctness of composite GWS process. This thesis analyzes sufficient and essential terms of soundness, and studies compositional property of WSCP/R-net models which provides an effective method to construct a soundness WSCP/R-net model. According to WSCP/R-net, the thesis proposes composition algebra and studies the properties of it. Based on the composition algebra, 6 kinds of composite process reduction rules are induced to optimize the process.3、Geo-spatial Web service QoS model and its application architecture. This thesis proposes an extendable GWS QoS model from three aspects, i.e. Geo-spatial Web Service itself, networking conditions and service consumer which can be used to distinguish GWSs with overlapping or identical functionality. We work over the QoS evaluation methods of composite GWS process which can be used to guide the execution, monitor and service selection of composition process. Aming at some disadvantages in traditional Web service discovery model for its lacking of QoS supporting, this thesis proposes a new service discovery model SDMQ supporting QoS constraints.4、Technologies of composite service executing. SSPL, a new composite service process language, is defined to overcome the disadvantages of existing composite services process languages which can not adapt to the dynamic variation of Geo-spatial Web Services. An algorithm is described to translate WSCP/R-net model into SSPL. The thesis studies the model of dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization, presenting an algorithm GODSS to resolve dynamic services selection with QoS global optimization in GWSs Composition.5、Design and implement experimental system and representative applications. According to the research findings presented above, we design and implement an experimental system and construct two representative applications to show that our achievements are effective and practical.

针对当前空间信息服务聚合研究中存在的若干不足，本文重点在基于工作流的空间信息服务聚合框架、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术、空间信息服务QoS模型及应用体系以及空间信息服务聚合流程执行等几个方面进行深入研究，主要工作和创新点包括：1、基于工作流的空间信息服务动态聚合框架：研究了空间信息服务动态聚合和传统工作流应用的不同，在此基础上提出了基于工作流技术的空间信息服务动态聚合实现机制、技术体系和参考模型，为研究空间信息服务聚合的关键技术、开发服务聚合支撑平台以及在此基础上构造特定的空间信息服务聚合应用提供了总体框架和顶层指导。2、空间信息服务聚合流程建模和分析技术：首先基于动态服务聚合流程建模的需求和空间信息服务动态变化的应用实际，从服务聚合的过程维和资源维出发定义了服务聚合流程定义元模型；与之相对应，对基本的WF-net进行扩展，提出服务聚合流程/资源网作为空间信息服务聚合流程的形式化描述模型，有效解决了现有的基于基本Petri网和工作流网的服务聚合建模方法所不能解决的不确定路径选择和服务的动态变化性问题；从流程结构正确性、数据依赖有效性和资源实现有效性三个方面提出了WSCP/R-net健壮性的概念，明确界定了聚合流程正确性的标准，并对WSCP/R-net模型的健壮性分析方法和WSCP/R-net模型的组合特性进行了研究；提出了空间信息服务聚合代数算子并对其性质进行了研究，在此基础上提出了6种聚合流程约简规则，从而可达到优化聚合流程、提高聚合流程执行效率的目的。3、空间信息服务QoS模型和应用体系：从服务本身、网络环境和服务消费者三个层次出发，提出了一个可扩展的空间信息服务QoS模型GSQM，实现了对空间信息服务的度量和评价，并对GSQM不同质量要素信息的客观、公正采集方法进行了研究；研究了空间信息服务聚合流程QoS评价方法，有效支持了空间信息服务聚合流程的执行、监控以及服务选择等操作；针对目前的服务发现模型仅支持服务功能性描述、不能有效满足空间信息服务应用需求的现状，提出了一种新的支持QoS约束的服务发现模型SDMQ，并对模型的实现框架进行了研究。4、空间信息服务聚合流程执行技术：针对现有的服务聚合流程描述语言不能有效满足空间信息服务动态聚合流程描述的特点，基于BPEL4WS提出了一种新的空间信息服务聚合流程描述语言SSPL；研究了满足健壮性要求的WSCP/R-net模型向SSPL的转换算法，在此基础上可以满足用户无显式编码来实现空间信息服务聚合应用的目的；研究了服务动态选择QoS全局优化模型，并在此基础上提出了一种解决服务动态选择QoS全局优化问题的实现算法GODSS.5、基于论文研究成果，设计实现了"空间信息服务聚合实验系统"，并构建了"矿产资源评价"和"城市消防应急响应"两个典型应用案例，对论文所述模型、方法的可行性和有效性进行了验证。

The physical world can be shown in terms of temporal reference and spatial reference.

物理世界可以通过时间和空间参照得以体现。

Constitutes, along with the preambular language above, the terms of reference of the Committee on Trade and Environment

多边贸易体制中有关用于环境目的的贸易措施及具有重大贸易影响的环境措施和要求的透明度的规定

Within its implied terms of reference the logic is unexceptionable.

在它所涉及的领域，从逻辑上来说，是无可挑剔的。

Executive director will be elected by the Council, in exercise of the Governing Council's intersessional 18th Article I, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, 10 of the terms of reference of the Council is responsible for (an executive director will not exceed the number of directors will the number of one-third).

常务理事会由理事会选举产生，在理事会闭会期间行使第十八条第一、三、五、六、七、八、九、十项的职权，对理事会负责（常务理事会人数不超过理事会人数的三分之一）。

Socially entrepreneurial innovation can be manifested in three ways: in new product and service development; in the use of existing goods and services in new more socially productive ways; in reframing normative terms of reference to redefine social problems and suggest new solutions.

公益创业的创新性体现在三个方面：新产品和新服务；现存产品和服务的更多社会效应的新用途；构造社会问题的新标准新定义和提出新的解决方案。

The whole assignment needs to be in the format of an Essay, with clear Terms of Reference, separate underlined and titled answers to each task, and a clear list at the end of the document itemising the sources which have actually been used in the task answers.

整个作业需要要以一种文章的格式，来完成，附带有清楚的参考条目。每一份作业都要有独立的下划线和带标题的答案，并在每一个任务列表末尾详细记录用于作业答案的源文件。

Sixty-second article in violation of the provisions of this Law, through the mass media or other means to belittle the damage to people with personality, culture, broadcasting, film and television, journalism, publishing or other relevant authorities in accordance with their respective terms of reference shall order corrective action, and shall be given administrative punishment.

zhR'-Lf'e1X i0第六十二条违反本法规定，通过大众传播媒介或者其他方式贬低损害残疾人人格的，由文化、广播电影电视、新闻出版或者其他有关主管部门依据各自的职权责令改正，并依法给予行政处罚。

The city government has introduced a "land reserve in Ningbo City approaches","Land Reserve Center, its terms of reference" and so on more than 10 land policy regulations.

市政府推出了&土地储备在宁波市的做法&，&土地储备中心，其职权范围&等10个以上的土地政策法规。

Law and Revolution" is a more than 600 pages of great works, the book title in the so-called "revolution refers to the late 11th century by Pope Gregory VII against Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, launched by the award terms of reference of the dispute ( Investi-ture Content), and will lead to a comprehensive political and religious conflicts.

法律与革命》是一本六百多页的巨著，书题中所谓&革命&是指11世纪末期由教皇格列高里七世对神圣罗马皇帝亨利四世所发动的授职权之争（Investi-ture Content），以及由此引发的全面政教冲突。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。